全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3197篇 |
免费 | 596篇 |
国内免费 | 128篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 497篇 |
晶体学 | 11篇 |
力学 | 171篇 |
综合类 | 38篇 |
数学 | 728篇 |
物理学 | 2476篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 11篇 |
2023年 | 56篇 |
2022年 | 84篇 |
2021年 | 79篇 |
2020年 | 86篇 |
2019年 | 64篇 |
2018年 | 67篇 |
2017年 | 113篇 |
2016年 | 132篇 |
2015年 | 114篇 |
2014年 | 208篇 |
2013年 | 261篇 |
2012年 | 192篇 |
2011年 | 202篇 |
2010年 | 170篇 |
2009年 | 188篇 |
2008年 | 197篇 |
2007年 | 211篇 |
2006年 | 192篇 |
2005年 | 156篇 |
2004年 | 165篇 |
2003年 | 111篇 |
2002年 | 86篇 |
2001年 | 105篇 |
2000年 | 93篇 |
1999年 | 92篇 |
1998年 | 74篇 |
1997年 | 76篇 |
1996年 | 56篇 |
1995年 | 62篇 |
1994年 | 35篇 |
1993年 | 36篇 |
1992年 | 25篇 |
1991年 | 15篇 |
1990年 | 18篇 |
1989年 | 13篇 |
1988年 | 17篇 |
1987年 | 17篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 3篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有3921条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
71.
This paper proposes a design for all-optical NOR logic gate, based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) using quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier (QD-SOA). In this regard, a theoretical model for an ultrafast all-optical signal processor is developed using QD-SOA to achieve high bit rate operation. We have demonstrated the NOR gate operation in two cases of with and without an optical control pulse. Simulations have been carried out at data bit rates 160 Gb/s, 200 Gb/s, and 250 Gb/s for the case that control pulse is not applied, and also at data bit rates 1 Tb/s and 2 Tb/s in presence of control pulse which leads to improvement of gain recovery time and ultrafast NOR logic operation. In addition, quality factors of the output signals in presence and without the control pulse at different bit rates with different bias currents have been investigated for pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS) of word length 28–1. 相似文献
72.
We review our recent work in the implementation of optical single-sideband (OSSB) modulation and in the application of this modulation format to microwave photonics and optical testing systems. We have developed an enhanced OSSB modulator for wide-band operation, the so-called bidirectional OSSB modulator, and a simplification of this scheme for narrow-band applications. These OSSB modulators are based on the use of a standard single-electrode Mach-Zehnder electro-optic modulator (MZ-EOM) and passive fiber-optic components. In both designs, the OSSB operation is shown to be independent of the MZ-EOM bias. Therefore, the optical modulation depth at the output of the device can be enhanced using minimum transmission biasing to provide suppression of the optical carrier. Finally, we demonstrate the application of OSSB modulators to the improvement of microwave/millimeter-wave subcarrier multiplexing fiber-optic links and to narrow-band fiber radio systems. In addition, we analyzed the feasibility and the limitations of an optical vector network analysis technique based on OSSB modulation that can provide sub-picometer wavelength resolution. 相似文献
73.
74.
75.
Frequency domain (FD) fluorescence lifetime data was collected for a series of 20 crude petroleum oils using a 405 nm excitation
source and over a spectral range of ~426 to ~650 nm. Average fluorescence lifetimes were calculated using three different
models: discrete multi-exponential, Gaussian distribution, and Lorentzian distribution. Fitting the data to extract accurate
average lifetimes using the various models proved easier and less time consuming for the FD data than with Time Correlated
Single Photon Counting (TCSPC) methods however the analysis of confidence intervals to the computed average lifetimes proved
cumbersome for both methods. The uncertainty in the average lifetime was generally larger for the discrete lifetime multi-exponential
model when compared to the distribution-based models. For the lifetime distributions, the data from the light crude oils with
long lifetimes generally fit to a single decay term. Heavier oils with shorter lifetimes required multiple decay terms. The
actual value for the average lifetime is more dependant on the specific fitting model employed than the data acquisition method
used. Correlations between average fluorescence lifetimes and physical and chemical parameters of the crude oils were made
with a view to developing a quantitative model for predicting the gross chemical composition of crude oils. It was found that
there was no significant benefit gained by using FD over TCSPC other than more rapid data analysis in the FD case. For the
FD data the Gaussian distribution model for fluorescence lifetime gave the best correlations with chemical composition allowing
a qualitative correlation to some bulk oil parameters.
相似文献
Alan G. RyderEmail: |
76.
基于RS编码及网格编码调制的光PPM通信纠错技术 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
分析了RS(Reed-Solomon)纠错码和网格编码调制(Trellis Coded Modulation,TCM)技术在光脉冲位置调制通信中的应用.在此基础上,提出了以RS码作为外码,以网格编码调制技术作为内码,用于光脉冲位置调制通信的新编码方案,能以几乎不减少通信速率的优势,提高传统RS码系统在时变带限光信道中的通信性能.模拟研究了在不同空间光信道条件下,传统RS码的符号正确传输率和误码率,并对网格编码调制的编码增益、RS码与网格编码调制级联时的编码增益进行了仿真研究,证实了本方案的有效性. 相似文献
77.
大气信道中的大气湍流是影响无线激光通信系统性能的主要因素之一, 其引起的强度闪烁效应会对接收信号的提取和还原造成很大干扰。基于Gamma-Gamma概率分布的大气湍流信道统计模型, 研究了利用副载波相移键控(PSK)强度调制技术的大气光通信系统的误码特性; 推导了副载波二进制相移键控(BPSK)及开关键控(OOK)两种调制模式下的系统误码率表达式; 对在一定条件下的大气光通信系统, 比较了副载波BPSK和OOK两种调制模式的误码特性; 分析了链路特征、接收口径尺寸、通信波长和天顶角等因素对系统误码率的影响。结果表明, 增大接收孔径和通信波长都能有效地降低系统误码率, 而天顶角的增大则会使系统误码率增加, 副载波BPSK调制模式的误码特性要优于OOK调制模式的误码特性。 相似文献
78.
79.
We study the Kerr nonlinearity associated with cross-phase modulation based on electromagnetically induced transparency in asymmetric double quantum wells. It is shown that, different from atomic system, not only the nonlinear dispersion and absorption but also the linear absorption depends on the relative phase of the laser fields because of the Fano interference. By choosing the parameters appropriately, large cross-phase modulation with nearly vanishing two-photon absorption, even π phase shift with single photon level, could be achieved in the asymmetric quantum wells. 相似文献
80.
J. Fang 《Optics & Laser Technology》1991,23(6):349-352
A rotational mismatch of gratings is used to generate a fringe carrier of an in-plane moiré pattern so that specimen deformation shows itself in the form of modulation of the carrier frequency. As both the unmodulated and modulated carriers are the patterns without fringe-loop or fringe-connection, they are automatically numbered with monotonical increasing orders by a digital image processing system without any ambiguity. The orders at every pixel of the image are determined by interpolation of the orders of the tracked fringes to establish two grey image files, from the difference of which, the orders of the in-plane displacement moiré are displayed with grey-level variation. 相似文献