Application of experimental design for optimization of erbium determination by high-resolution continuum source electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry using lanthanum as a chemical modifier

ABSTRACT

In this paper, lanthanum was used as a chemical modifier for the direct determination of erbium by high-resolution continuum source electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. A two-step experimental design was used for optimization, first a full factorial design was conducted for identification of significant factors, and then a central composite design was carried out for final optimization of the significant factors. The optimum parameters were obtained as follows: atomization temperature of 2500°C, pyrolysis temperature of 1600°C, and pyrolysis time of 10?s in the presence of lanthanum as a chemical modifier. Under optimum conditions, the characteristic mass, limit of detection, and limit of quantification were 29?pg, 0.71, and 2.4?µg?L^?1, respectively. The precision of the method, estimated as the relative standard deviation for 10 replicate measurements of 50?µg?L^?1 of erbium, was 1.8%. The optimized method was applied to determine erbium content in sediments and rock samples. The determined values of erbium in sediment certified reference materials were in satisfactory agreement with the certified values according to the t-test for a 95% confidence level.     

On solving energy-dependent partitioned eigenvalue problem by genetic algorithm: The case of real symmetric Hamiltonian matrices

An energy-dependent partitioning scheme is explored for extracting a small number of eigenvalues of a real symmetric matrix with the help of genetic algorithm. The proposed method is tested with matrices of different sizes (30 × 30 to 1000 × 1000). Comparison is made with Löwdin’s strategy for solving the problem. The relative advantages and disadvantages of the GA-based method are analyzed     

太阳能驱动全天候监控系统的实验设计

研发了一套太阳能全天候监控系统设计性实验。该实验通过对太阳能电池板基本物理性能的测定,了解其工作原理,然后选择合适的控制器件与负载,设计电路,最后形成一套由太阳能电池板提供能量,实现全天候监控的应用系统。该实验不仅能够作为设计性实验用于大学物理实验,而且可以应用于许多工程领域。     

基于孔径分布概念的全景系统光学设计

为了改变坦克现有探测与观瞄系统低效、精确性不足等弱点,进行基于孔径分布概念的全景系统光学设计。原理是利用4个孔径大于90°的物镜对360°全景图像信息进行孔径分布实时采集,采集的四路图像通过内部转像系统的折转汇成一路,由一个CCD接收,提供准确和平整的全景图拼贴的图像,对系统理想情况下的发现和分清目标距离以及盲区范围进行估算,并通过光线追迹估算出系统失效探测距离。系统在57 m~6.45 km的工作距离内,实现全方位、实时性的观瞄与探测功能。     

短波红外昼光恒星成像光学系统设计

由于太阳光散射在地球大气中产生的背景辐射使得可见光传感器极易饱和,导致在白天测星很困难。通过分析可知,红外传感器在白天测星的概率比可见光传感器要高得多。针对红外测星特点,介绍了一种短波红外光学系统的设计方法,给出了一种工作波长为2．0～2．5μm,相对孔径为1．4,焦距为140mm的镜头设计过程。该镜头结构紧凑,用材特殊,能适应-50～70℃的环境要求．实现全天候测星。     

Experimentally Determining Bloch Parameters of Hamiltonian for Single-Qubit Systems

By considering the identification problem of unknown but fixed Hamiltonian H = S0σ0 ＋∑i=x,y,z Siσi where σi （i = x, y, z） are pauli matrices and σ0=I, we explore the feasibility and limitation of empirically determining the Hamiltonian parameters for quantum systems under experimental conditions imposed by projective measurements and initialization procedures. It may be unsurprising to physicists that one can not obtain the knowledge of So no matter what kind of projective measurements and initialization are permitted, but the observation draws our attention to the importance of the parameter identifiability under different experimental condition. It has also been revealed that one can obtain the knowledge of ｜Sz｜ and Sx^2＋Sy^2 at most when only the projective measurement {｜0/（0｜, ｜1/（1｜} is permitted to perform on and initialize the qubit. Further more, we demonstrated that it is feasible to distinguish ｜Sx｜, ｜Sy｜, and ｜Sz｜ even without any a priori information about Hamiltonian if at least two kinds of projective measurement or initialization procedures are permitted. It should be emphasized that both projective measurements and initialization procedures play an important role in quantum system identification.     

涡轮叶片的解析成型与优化设计方法

本文发展了一种对于涡轮叶片用任意圆锥曲线作为基本曲线实现几何成型的解析方法,大量试算表明,该方法可以适应相当大一部分涡轮叶片几何造型的需要．本文还用正反问题相结合的方法对实用中的涡轮叶片进行改型优化,取得了较好效果,Ｎ－Ｓ流场分析表明,改型后的新叶栅比原叶栅性能有明显改善．     

A method for automatic identification of water and fat images from a symmetrically sampled dual-echo Dixon technique

Sampling water and fat signals symmetrically (i.e., at 0° and 180° relative phase angles) in a dual-echo Dixon technique offers high intrinsic tolerance to phase fluctuations in postprocessing and maximum signal-to-noise performance for the separated water and fat images. However, identification of which image is water and which image is fat after their separation is not possible based on the phase information alone. In this work, we proposed a semiempirical automatic image identification method that is based on the intrinsic asymmetry between the water and fat chemical shift spectra. Specifically, the approximately bimodal feature of the fat spectra and the observation that most in vivo tissues are either predominantly water or predominantly fat are used to construct a spectrum-based algorithm. Additional refinement is accomplished by considering the spatial distribution of the tissues that may have a coexistence of water and fat. The final improved algorithm was tested on a total of 131 three-dimensional patient datasets collected from different scanners and found to yield correct water and fat identification in all datasets.     

空间摄像机的热设计

根据空间摄像机的所处空间环境和结构特点,对其进行了热设计.采用被动热控措施进行热隔离和热疏导,充分利用了摄像机所搭载的卫星平台的热容;采用主动热控措施进行温差补偿,将温度拉平至热控指标范围之内.根据所采用的热控措施,针对空间摄像机进行了仿真分析,得到了满意的结果.     

应用 M IS 时序部件设计一般时序电路

本文提出把可同步激励的MSI时序部件当作一个多功能的复杂存储元件使用,并对计数型MSI与移位型MSI分别给出了它们的次态方程与激励表.此外,提出了应用这两种MSI时序部件设计一般时序电路的状态安排规则及设计程序.讨论表明,这种设计方法在本质上相当于对专用MSI时序部件的基本工作时序进行时序修改.