喷嘴结构对液氧煤油火箭发动机高频燃烧不稳定性的影响

为了筛选高压补燃循环液氧煤油火箭发动机的喷嘴,在喷注单元低压高频燃烧不稳定性模拟实验系统上开展实验,研究了喷嘴结构对燃烧稳定性边界的影响。实验使用气态空气与氧气的混合物作为氧化剂,加热的煤油蒸汽作为燃料;喷嘴为全尺寸气液同轴直流离心式喷嘴,模拟燃烧室与真实燃烧室的固有声学频率相等。根据测量模拟燃烧室内的脉动压力区分大幅振荡、小幅振荡和稳定工作。研究结果表明,喷嘴长度、缩进室长度和入口节流嘴直径对高频燃烧不稳定性裕量有很大影响,并存在相对最佳值。     

APTR质子同步加速器RFQ直线注入器的优化设计

为实现质子治疗装置的国产化和小型化,基于已完成安装调试的上海先进质子治疗装置(APTR),开展质子治疗注入器系统的升级设计研究,利用PARMTEQM设计软件和快聚束策略,针对APTR同步加速器RFQ直线注入器进行动力学设计模拟。RFQ工作频率为325 MHz,流强18 mA,对从离子源引出的低能质子束流进行匹配俘获、横向聚焦、纵向聚束和预加速,引出能量为3.0 MeV。通过优化预注入器RFQ动力学设计方案和极头参数,有效避免参数共振,减小束流损失,使其整体传输效率达到98.0%,在水平和垂直方向上的发射度增长分别为1.2%和3.3%,出口束流满足下一级腔体的注入需求,开展设计模拟验证和相关冗余度分析,为质子同步加速器的治疗设备和直线注入系统提供参照依据。     

高亮度1（1／2）超导腔光阴极注入器的腔形设计

对高亮度1 1/2超导腔光阴极注入器进行了腔形的概念研究设计。通过计算比较发现,重入腔的轴电场分布特性,使它很适合做超导光阴极注入器的首腔。我们还通过模拟计算,研究了电子束动力学各种参数的相互依赖关系,最后我们给出1 1/2腔的一组腔及束动力学参数。     

新型三组元喷嘴雾化特性研究

设计了新型三组元喷嘴,由两级离心内喷嘴和内混式外喷嘴装配为同轴式结构,通过燃料在内混腔里形成的两相流对液氧进行雾化。试验结果表明,上排孔进氧的双组元工况雾化质量高;三组元工况时存在两种雾化机理,并有较高雾化质量。     

Screening of trihalomethanes by direct aqueous injection using electron capture detection

The disinfection of drinking water with chlorine produces carcinogenic by-products called trihalomethanes or (THM's). These compounds are formed when the chlorine reacts with the organic matter in the raw water. The four major THM's are chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochromethane, and bromoform. Direct aqueous injection is used for the rapid screening THM's and other volatile organic compounds (VOC's) in water by direct on column injection of the water sample in to wide bore capillary columns, to which is attached an electron capture detector.     

Procedure for testing inertness of inserts and insert packing materials for GC injectors

The inertness of injector inserts and insert packing materials, such as glass or fused silica wool, is tested by a procedure based on split injection and rapid isothermal chromatography. Resulting sharp peaks sensitively reveal peak deformation resulting from adsorptivity, acid/base interaction, and excessive retention power. Degradation of labile components is detected by loss of material and degradation products. Adsorptivity was no problem on injecting 300 ng amounts. Degradation only occurred for raw wools; however, the retention power of some wools seemed unnecessarily high. On injection of smaller quantities, degradation remained similar, but adsorptivity increased significantly.     

Direct injection of large sample volumes into capillary columns with packed column injector

A direct injection method for large volume samples which avoids severe tailing of the solvent peak has been developed using a packed column injector (up to 100 μl) leading into an ordinary capillary column (0.3 mm i.d.). Modifications are made to the cooler zones of the inlet port and on the carrier gas flow control system. This injection technique is based on the effective use of phase soaking and cold trapping using a retention gap. The large volume of solvent vapor is rapidly purged out of the injector with a higher flow of carrier gas while the solutes trapped at the head of the column are subsequently analyzed with another optimum flow rate. The proposed carrier gas flow regulation system is also compared with conventional split/splitless injection methods.     

Glass wool in the inserts of split injectors for capillary GC?

It has been reported that glass wool packed tightly into the glass liner of a vaporizing injector used in the splitting mode considerably reduces the standard deviation of the results obtained, because of improved evaporation of the sample prior to reaching the split point at the capillary column entrance. This finding could not be reproduced on using the same sample composition as reported in the literature, i.e. methanol/2-ethyl-1-hexanol (1:1). The standard deviations obtained were between 3 and 10% (depending on the conditions selected) and were not influenced significantly by the introduction of glass wool. The peak area ratio (methanol/2-ethyl-1-hexanol) was found to depend on a number of parameters, such as: injector temperature; glass liner internal diameter; syringe handling technique; the relative position of the syringe needle exit and capillary column entrance; the sample volume injected; and the packing of the glass liner. Generally, the area ratio deviated further from the correct one (determined by cold on-column sampling) when the glass liner was packed with glass wool. On the basis of the results, it is speculated that either a complete evaporation of the sample should be achieved (which appears to be impossible under the conditions we used) or, alternatively, the sample should be given the least possible opportunity to evaporate, thus allowing it to enter the column in the form of droplets. The results were worse in terms of precision and accuracy the greater the partition of sample components between the liquid (droplet) and vapor phase. It is concluded that the use of evaporation aids such as glass wool cannot be generally recommended.     

用于高平均功率自由电子激光器的DC–RF超导腔注入器

北京大学超导加速器实验室提出了新型DC?RF超导腔注入器的设计方案.该注入器由皮尔斯引出结构、1+1/2超导腔组成,可以提供高品质的、CW模式或高占空比(1%以上)的电子束.对该注入器进行了分析计算和设计研究,通过改变超导腔首腔腔形以增加聚焦效果,采取措施缩短阴极到超导腔的距离,从而有效地抑制束流发射度的增长.用PARMELA对该注入器进行束流动力学研究,以确定皮尔斯引出结构的形状以及超导腔的同步相位.计算结果表明这种用于高平均功率自由电子激光的注入器的设计方案是可行的.     

三股互击式喷注器及燃烧室流场的数值模拟

结合旋涡耗散模型及Arrhenius化学反应速率系数来描述燃烧室内的化学反应, 对三股互击式喷注器及燃烧室的冷流场及有反应流场进行了三维的数值模拟研究. 引入螺旋度及混合长度参量分析了三股互击式喷注器的混合机理和混合效果, 获取了燃烧室的关键特征参数, 如总温、总温的空间分布、气流在燃烧室内的驻留时间等. 对燃料组合分别采用F-O-F, O-F-O的喷注器及燃烧室的流场特性进行了比较分析. 对于一定的燃料配比和燃烧室特征长度, 燃料组合采用O-F-O时, 在燃烧室出口的F₂解离度比F-O-F要高出13.5%. 实验证实激光器出光功率提升了17%.