环氧化橡胶及其合金的研究与应用

综述了国内外环氧化橡胶及其合金的研究现状和应用趋势,重点介绍了环氧化天然橡胶、环氧化聚丁二烯、环氧化苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯三嵌段共聚物及其合金的优点,以及影响其物理机械性能的因素和环氧化橡胶的发展方向。     

对羟基苯乙醇的合成

综述了对羟基苯乙醇的重要合成方法及其最新进展。参考文献33篇。     

Early Evolution of Gas Chromatography in East Germany. Part I: Beginnings, Instrument and Column Development and Organizations

The early evolution of gas chromatography in the former German Democratic Republic (GDR) is surveyed and instrument development is outlined, describing the most important models manufactured in the GDR. The organization of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Gas-Chromatographie (Working Group for GC) is chronicled and its activities are discussed. Subsequent parts of this article will deal with the six symposia organized by the Arbeitsgemeinschaft between 1958 and 1968.     

子宫内低铅暴露对婴儿早期神经行为影响的研究

为探讨低铅暴露对婴儿智能发育的影响,随机选择足月顺产新生儿110例,0.48 μmol/L＞脐血铅水平≥0.24 μmol/L,作为观察组;同一时期配对足月顺产新生儿110例,脐血铅水平＜0.24 μmol/L,作为对照组;采用新生儿20项新生儿神经行为、Gesell婴幼儿发育检查量表,在出生24～36 h和3月龄时进行测试.结果表明,观察组神经行为总得分显著性低于对照组;头竖立得分显著低于对照组,头竖立时间较对照组缩短;3月龄观察组适应性、语言能力和个人社会交往显著低于对照组. 提示血铅水平低于0.48 μmol/L时,仍可对婴儿神经行为发育产生不良影响.     

二次注射成型聚丙烯中剪切诱导连接界面的形态演变

研究了剪切作用对二次注射成型聚丙烯连接界面形态演变的影响.利用偏光显微镜研究了连接界面距离浇口不同区域和不同位置的形态差异,探索了连接界面形态的演变规律,通过改变注射压力和注射速度对其加以验证,并通过DSC分析证实了形态结构的差异.研究表明:剪切作用对连接界面形态的影响显著,在高剪切作用下分子链沿流动方向取向程度高,不利于其规整排列并沿垂直界面方向生成横晶;可以通过注射压力和注射速度来控制连接界面的剪切作用,从而得到具有完善横晶结构的连接界面形态.     

On Aging of Acid-Catalyzed Silica Sols—A Dynamic Light Scattering Study

Dynamic light scattering experiments in acid-catalyzed silica sols are discussed. It is shown that in spite of limited parameter accuracy and limited absolute knowledge of the particle sizes, the scattering data from various experiments are comparable with one another and give information about structural differences. Measurements at various angles indicate changes between non-spherical and nearly spherical particles and allow the estimation of gelling times before gelation.     

废旧电池中的重金属对人体的危害

讨论了废旧电池对环境的致毒作用和对人体健康的危害，介绍了废旧电池中重金属在生物体中的吸收、转化、分布、作用部位及毒性，指出人类社会的可持续性发展与自然生态循环的协调一致要求从源头上制止污染，而不是在术端治理污染，即从根本上改变人类的物质生活方式，重新回到生态系统的框架之内。     

16种有机标准物质的研制

介绍16种有机标准物质的研制方法。16种有机标准物质与US EPA、US Supelco及国家标准物质研究中心的同类标准物质比较,均匀性、稳定性及定值准确性均达到或优于其性能指标,符合国家计量技术规范的要求。     

Life cycle assessment and sustainability analysis of products, materials and technologies. Toward a scientific framework for sustainability life cycle analysis

There are many approaches to study the environmental and sustainability aspects of production and consumption. Some of these reside at the level of concepts, e.g., industrial ecology, design for environment, and cleaner production. Other approaches are based on the use of quantitative models, e.g., life cycle assessment, material flow accounting and strategic environmental assessment. This paper focuses on the development of a framework that is able to incorporate different models for environmental analysis, with the option of a broader scope that also includes economic and social aspects, thus covering the three pillars of sustainability. This framework builds on the ISO-framework for life cycle assessment, but takes a broader view, and allows us to move from micro questions on specific products, via meso questions on life styles up to macro questions in which the entire societal structure is part of the analysis.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱激光烧蚀固体进样技术新进展

本文简单地介绍了电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)的基本原理及装置。分别对LA-ICP-MS在飞秒激光器、紫外激光器、固液气溶胶混合进样、集合式小样品标样、原位统计分布技术上的技术新进展进行了详细的评述。