全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1626篇 |
免费 | 169篇 |
国内免费 | 93篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 893篇 |
晶体学 | 12篇 |
力学 | 130篇 |
综合类 | 135篇 |
数学 | 446篇 |
物理学 | 272篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 54篇 |
2022年 | 117篇 |
2021年 | 90篇 |
2020年 | 93篇 |
2019年 | 86篇 |
2018年 | 68篇 |
2017年 | 85篇 |
2016年 | 66篇 |
2015年 | 39篇 |
2014年 | 64篇 |
2013年 | 83篇 |
2012年 | 68篇 |
2011年 | 86篇 |
2010年 | 67篇 |
2009年 | 84篇 |
2008年 | 67篇 |
2007年 | 58篇 |
2006年 | 75篇 |
2005年 | 60篇 |
2004年 | 65篇 |
2003年 | 59篇 |
2002年 | 39篇 |
2001年 | 44篇 |
2000年 | 37篇 |
1999年 | 37篇 |
1998年 | 29篇 |
1997年 | 24篇 |
1996年 | 19篇 |
1995年 | 24篇 |
1994年 | 16篇 |
1993年 | 20篇 |
1992年 | 8篇 |
1991年 | 9篇 |
1990年 | 7篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 7篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1959年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有1888条查询结果,搜索用时 171 毫秒
121.
122.
123.
124.
Shin Kikuchi Naoki Kozuka Eiji Uchida Takafumi Ninomiya Haruyuki Tatsumi Hidekatsu Takeda Nobutada Tachi 《Physical Therapy Research》2008,11(1):23-27
Myotonic dystrophy (MyD) is a neuromuscular disease that is autosomal dominant and the most common form of muscular dystrophy affecting adults. The clinical features of MyD include a multisystemic disorder characterized by myotonia, progressive muscle weakness and wasting, cataracts, premature balding and mental retardation. The most severe type of MyD is classified as congenital MyD (CMyD). The muscle weakness in CMyD is very severe, but muscle development can be observed in the period of growth. However, no clinical case of this type has been reported yet. Therefore, we report on a girl with CMyD who had an increase in muscle strength over a four-year period. The girl with CMyD participated in this study from the age of 9 to the age of 12. The measurement of muscle strength was recorded as the maximum score of grip strength with the use of dynamometers. Grip strength was assessed once a year by the same two physical therapists. Grip strength of CMyD for each year was markedly weak when compared with the normal controls, but muscle strength changed within some specific growth areas. The muscle weakness in CMyD was remarkable, but the result showed that specific muscle strength of CMyD in childhood was actually increased. 相似文献
125.
W. Kleiböhmer 《Accreditation and quality assurance》1999,4(12):517-520
Maintaining a high quality of research and development (R&D) is fundamental for the competitiveness of European industry.
The development of new technologies and the improvement of existing technologies, products, production processes, measurement
instrumentation and methods as well as basic research is essential. The objective of the workshop on "Quality Management in
Analytical Chemical Research and Development" was to bring together experts from the academic world, industrial and institutional
laboratories and also accreditation bodies to discuss the actual state of the art in the field of quality management in R&D,
and to set up milestones for further activities. Furthermore, an important objective was to present the EURACHEM/CITAC Guide
2. The paper outlines the programme of the workshop and summarises the round-table discussions and expert recommendations.
Most of the contributions to the round-table discussions will be published as full papers in a forthcoming issue of Accreditation
and Quality Assurance. The workshop was organised by the Institut für Chemo- und Biosensorik (ICB), Münster, with the financial
support of the SMT-Programme of the European Commission (Contract No.: SMT4-CT98-6534). 相似文献
126.
In this research, the main purpose is to formulate a model to determine the optimum investment on port development from national investment prospective; on the other hand, costs and benefits are calculated from consumer and investor’s viewpoint. The formulated model is an integer-programming model. The emphasis is on how to formulate an investment optimization problem where cargo operation, investment costs, cargo-handling capacity, cargo transportation network, and the world maritime fleet constraints are included. Fuzzy numbers are used for cargo forecast study results. The output of the model is the type of design ships and design berths which are needed in each sub period, so that the port planner (the government) will find out the optimum development plan of port in each sub period when there is uncertainty in cargo handling forecast (fuzzy numbers). 相似文献
127.
Walter J. Gutjahr Stefan Katzensteiner Peter Reiter Christian Stummer Michaela Denk 《Central European Journal of Operations Research》2008,16(3):281-306
This paper presents a new model for project portfolio selection, paying specific attention to competence development. The
model seeks to maximize a weighted average of economic gains from projects and strategic gains from the increment of desirable
competencies. As a sub-problem, scheduling and staff assignment for a candidate set of selected projects must also be optimized.
We provide a nonlinear mixed-integer program formulation for the overall problem, and then propose heuristic solution techniques
composed of (1) a greedy heuristic for the scheduling and staff assignment part, and (2) two (alternative) metaheuristics
for the project selection part. The paper outlines experimental results on a real-world application provided by the E-Commerce
Competence Center Austria and, for a slightly simplified instance, presents comparisons with the exact solution computed by
CPLEX. 相似文献
128.
Growth-dominated extreme topography development on ionbombarded wafers of InP is reported and is explained in terms of the micro region model presented in summary form. This model postulates the existence of an ion-bombardment-produced ensemble of crystallites and non-crystalline aggregations of atoms (composed of the substrate material, of dopant and of oxygen from the native oxide layer) where the majority of InP micro regions is so small (nanometer dimensions) that most interstitials created in collision events between bombarding ions and atoms of the micro region can reach an interfacial boundary rather than recombine with a vacancy from the same or another collision event. These atoms are then transported via interfacial boundaries and over the surface to screw dislocations where crystal stubs proceed to grow until the damage rate by ion bombardment overtakes the growth rate. Ion-bombardment-induced compressive stresses favour diffusion towards the surface. Temperature transients within micro regions assist both interfacial diffusion and damage repair. The topography is a result of competition between growth and sputtering. Different growth rates cause different topographies. The development of an extreme topography can be suppressed by oxygen flooding of the sputtered surface, by simultaneous electron beam scanning, as well as by Cs+ ion bombardment. 相似文献
129.
Micelles,microemulsions.vesicles,etc.,areorganicmicroheterogeneousmedia.Useofthesemediainanalyticalreactionsfordevelopingnewkinetic-baseddeterminationsorimprovingpreviouslyestablishedkineticmethodshasbeenreported"2.Inrecentyears,amixedmicellarmediumc... 相似文献