任意相位差条纹信号细分方法的研究

为消除传统细分方法中由于两路条纹信号不正交引入的细分误差，提出了一种可对任意相位差条纹信号直接细分的新方法。根据两路条纹信号的极性和幅值大小，把一个信号周期分成8个区段。高速采集两路条纹信号，通过判断信号采样点所处的区段是否跳变对信号幅值交点进行动态跟踪。对不足一个周期的条纹移动，当测量出起点与终点的幅值，计算出其所在的区段及位置后，结合两路信号的交点，可实现对任意相位差条纹信号的细分。实验结果表明，该方法突破了传统细分方法必须信号正交的限制，可对任意相位差信号进行准确地细分，降低了条纹测量中器件安装与调试的难度，具有更强的环境适应性和抗干扰能力。     

Interaction of molecules of the neonicotinoid imidacloprid and its structural analogs with human serum albumin

We have used fluorescence spectroscopy methods to show that imidacloprid and its structural analogs form complexes with human serum albumin (HSA). The nature of the spectral changes in the ligand×protein systems and the calculated complexation parameters suggest that these low molecular weight compounds mainly bind to a specific section of the protein molecule, near the tryptophan residue in the 214 position of the polypeptide chain. We have found that the association constants are on the order of 10⁴ M⁻¹, and the affinity of the ligands for HSA varies in the series 6-chloronicotinic acid > 6-methoxynicotinic acid = imidacloprid > the keto analog of imidacloprid. The major contribution to the complexation energy probably comes from hydrophobic interaction forces with participation of the aromatic pyridine ring of the ligands, while additional enhancement of ligand-protein affinity can be provided by the nitroimine group of imidacloprid. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 859–866, November–December, 2008.     

不同波长的散射介质后向散射光偏振度特性

基于Stockes矢量,通过测量以线偏振光和圆偏振光入射时脂肪乳剂后向散射光的偏振度,研究了532nm、650nm和780nm三个波长的光与散射粒子粒径为325nm的脂肪乳剂溶液作用后,其后向散射光的偏振度特性.研究结果表明,对于入射线偏振光,780nm波长后向散射光中的线偏振光成分多于圆偏振光成分,而532nm波长则相反;对于入射圆偏振光,三个波长后向散射光中的圆偏振光成分均多于线偏振光成分;532nm波长的总偏振度高于650nm和780nm两个波长各自的总偏振度;线偏振光的保偏性优于圆偏振光的保偏性,但偏振光在散射介质中的穿透深度较小.因此,后向散射成像技术适用于物体表层成像,而且选择波长略大于粒径的线偏振光可以提高成像质量.     

相变型半导体存储器研究进展

文章系统地介绍了相变型半导体存储器的原理、相变材料、特点、器件结构设计、研究现状及面临的几个关键器件工艺问题．C—RAM由于具有非易失性、循环寿命长、元件尺寸小、功耗低、可多级存储、高速读取、抗辐照、耐高低温、抗振动、抗电子干扰和制造工艺简单等优点，被认为最有可能取代目前的FLASH、DRAM和SRAM而成为未来半导体存储器主流产品．     

脉冲电场对木瓜蛋白酶影响的荧光光谱分析

木瓜蛋白酶溶液在电场强度为50 kV·cm-1,频率1 500 Hz,脉冲宽度40 μs的脉冲电场下接受19 800个脉冲处理后,其活性降低了56.5％。文章采用荧光偏光光谱对处理前后的样品进行了分析。 处理后酶样的荧光强度明显大于处理前,在峰值位置其荧光强度增加超过50％,峰位从342 nm移到了346 nm左右,其荧光偏振幅度明显减小。由此推断出木瓜蛋白酶经脉冲电场处理后酶蛋白的α-螺旋结构松散拉伸,分子内部的氨基酸残基暴露于分子表面,并有部分发生离解游离于溶液中,导致活性部位的结构发生变化,最终导致酶失活。     

高光谱成像技术的油菜叶片氮含量及分布快速检测

应用高光谱成像技术实现了油菜苗-花-角果整个生命期叶片氮含量的快速检测和氮素水平分布的可视化。采集三个生长时期共计420个叶片样本的高光谱图像信息(380～1 030 nm),提取图像中感兴趣区域的平均光谱数据,经过不同光谱预处理后,利用连续投影算法(SPA)选择特征波长,将提取的12个特征波长(467,557,665,686,706,752,874,879,886,900,978和995 nm)作为自变量,叶片氮含量作为因变量,分别建立偏最小二乘法(PLS)和最小二乘-支持向量机(LS-SVM)模型。SPA-PLS和SPA-LS-SVM模型对叶片氮含量的预测相关系数R_P分别为0.807和0.836,预测均方根误差RMSEP分别为0.387和0.358。高光谱图像中的每一个像素点都有对应的光谱反射值,利用结构简单、更易提取回归系数的SPA-PLS模型,快速计算出12个特征波长下高光谱图像中每个像素点对应的氮含量预测值,结合像素点的空间位置生成氮素浓度的叶面分布图。可视化分布图详细且直观的反应出同一叶片内部或不同叶片之间氮含量的差异。结果表明,应用高光谱成像技术分析整个油菜生长期的叶片氮含量及其可视化分布是可行的。     

二维表面浮雕结构的矢量衍射分析

利用等效介质理论,通过严格的耦合波理论计算和分析了二维表面浮雕结构的反射效率与各种因素的关系,给出了不同情况下的变化曲线;同时计算出了该结构在正入射情况下的等效折射率系数。明确提出：不管是对称的还是非对称的二维表面浮雕结构,方位角和极化角的变化对其反射率的影响都不明显;从而得出二维表了雕结构可以实现消偏振、减反的特性。分析了该结构的带宽限制,给出了在给定结构下受限的带宽;同时对浮雕高度加工误差对反射率的影响作了分析,对实际工作有一定的指导意义。     

复式螺旋测微器螺距误差补偿与示值误差综合

本文简要介绍了复式螺旋测微器的设计原理,在复式螺旋运动误差分析的基础上,提出了一种螺距误差自动补偿方法。通过样机的螺距误差实测曲线和测微器示值误差检定结果,验证了它的可行性和示值误差综合的正确性。     

Photocatalytic Degradation of Paracetamol in Aqueous Medium Using TiO2 Prepared by the Sol–Gel Method

Two titania photocatalysts have been prepared using the sol–gel method using TiCl₄ as a precursor, and two different alcohols, namely, ethanol or propanol (Et or Pr). The main aim of this work was to study the effect of the nature of the alcohol on the chemical, structural and photocatalytic properties for paracetamol photodegradation of the final solids. The TiCl₄/alcohol molar ratio to obtain the corresponding alkoxides (TiEt and TiPr) was 1/10. These alkoxides were calcined at 400 °C to prepare the oxide catalysts (named as TiEt400 and TiPr400). Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) of the original samples showed the presence of anatase diffraction peaks in sample TiPr, while TiEt is a completely amorphous material. Contrary to commercial TiO₂-P25, the PXRD diagrams of the calcined samples showed anatase as the exclusive crystalline phase in both solids. The specific surface area (S_BET) of sample TiPr400 was larger than that of sample TiEt400, and both larger than that of TiO₂-P25. The three solids have been tested in the photodegradation of paracetamol in aqueous solution. It has been established that the alcohol used influences the properties and catalytic activity of the final oxides. The synthesized solids exhibit a higher activity than commercial TiO₂-P25, because of their structural characteristics and larger S_BET.