“互联网+回收”情境下基于演化博弈的电子废弃物回收合作机理研究

基于“互联网+回收”情境,研究网络回收商和流动回收小贩在电子废弃物回收中的竞合关系,构建演化博弈模型,刻画演化博弈过程,分析相关因素对演化稳定策略走向的影响。研究结果表明,网络回收商和流动回收商小贩选择合作策略的概率与违约惩罚力度、合作后的超额收益正相关,与合作后的共同成本、单独选择合作策略付出的成本以及因搭便车行为增加的收益负相关。由于分别存在最优的超额收益分配率和共同成本分摊率,网络回收商和流动回收小贩选择合作策略的概率最大。     

Subspace Inclusion Graph of a Vector Space

In this paper, the authors introduce a graph structure, called subspace inclusion graph ?n(𝕍) on a finite dimensional vector space 𝕍 where the vertex set is the collection of nontrivial proper subspaces of a vector space and two vertices are adjacent if one is contained in other. The diameter, girth, clique number, and chromatic number of ?n(𝕍) are studied. It is shown that two subspace inclusion graphs are isomorphic if and only if the base vector spaces are isomorphic. Finally, some properties of subspace inclusion graph are studied when the base field is finite.     

聚合物负载的钯-咪唑催化烯烃加氢

A polymer-supported palladium-imidazole catalyst was used to catalyze the hydrogenation of various olefins under mild conditions. The rate of hydrogenation was studied. The effects of factors such as substrate concentration,catalyst concentration,partial pressure of hydrogen and temperature on initial rate of reaction of selected olefins were investigated. A mechanism for the reaction was proposed from the rate equation. The effects of the solvent and structure of the olefin on the rate of hydrogenation were investigated. The catalyst showed good reusability without any leaching of metal from the support. The homologous analog of the polymer-supported catalyst could not be used as catalyst for the hydrogenation of olefins in methanol because there was precipitation of the metal during reaction.     

TG and DSC studies on plaster residues as recycled material

The aim of the present work is to study plaster residues produced in industries in Goiás State (Brazil). The study analyzes the trituration and dehydrating processes of the plaster and compares its chemical, mechanical and physical characteristics to the natural plaster samples aiming its possible recycling. Plaster samples were submitted to X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses. By the comparison of the results obtained for both samples it was observed that they have similar chemical characteristics. No reason was found against the use of recycled plaster.     

Platinum group metals bulk analysis in automobile catalyst recycling material by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Development and application of an in-situ applicable method to provide rapid determination of platinum group metals (platinum, palladium, and rhodium) elemental concentration in automobile catalyst scrap is reported. Application is based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Actual automobile catalyst slurry in powder form was used to develop the application. With a method requiring approximately 1.5 min of examination per sample, calibration curves are presented with linear regression coefficients close to 0.99 and stability better than 3.0%.     

Development of a general separation strategy by countercurrent chromatography using sanshools from Zanthoxylum bungeanum oleoresin as a case study

Three kinds of sanshools were separated from Zanthoxylum bungeanum oleoresin by high-speed countercurrent chromatography. Sanshools are a series of amide compounds extracted from the Zanthoxylum bungeanum. Due to similar structures, polarities, and dissociation constants, it was challenging to select an appropriate solvent system for their complete separation by countercurrent chromatography. To address this challenge, a solvent-system-selection strategy was proposed to identify a relatively suitable solvent system. Additionally, a separation procedure incorporating multi-elution modes selection was established to separate similar compounds in a logical order. Ultimately, a solvent system comprising n-hexane:ethyl acetate:methanol:water in a ratio of 19:1:1:5.67 was selected. Three amide compounds with high purity were obtained through the use of recycling elution mode to improve separation resolution: hydroxy-ε-sanshool (8.4 mg; purity: 90.64%), hydroxy-α-sanshool (326.4 mg; purity: 98.96%), and hydroxy-β-sanshool (71.8 mg; purity: 98.26%) were obtained from 600 mg sanshool crude extract. The summarized solvent-system-selection strategy and separation procedure incorporating multi-elution modes may instruct countercurrent chromatography users, particularly novices, seeking to separate compounds with highly similar chemical properties.     

L–H power threshold studies with tungsten/carbon divertor on the EAST tokamak

The power threshold for low (L) to high (H) confinement mode transition achieved by radio-frequency heating and molybdenum first wall with lithium coating has been experimentally investigated on the EAST tokamak for two sets of divertor geometries and materials: tungsten/carbon divertor and full carbon divertor. For both sets of divertors, the power threshold was found to decrease with gradual accumulation of the lithium wall coating, suggesting the important role played by the low Z impurities and/or the edge neutral density on the L–H power threshold. When operating in the upper single null configuration, with the ion grad-B drift direction away from the primary X-point, a lower normalized power threshold is observed in EAST with the tungsten/carbon divertor, compared to the carbon divertor after intensive lithium wall coating. A newly installed cryopump increasing the pumping efficiency also plays an important part in the observed lower threshold. In addition, the H-mode in the Quasi-Snowflake divertor configuration has been obtained on EAST, exhibiting higher L–H power threshold compared to the lower single null configuration with similar I_P/B_T pairs.     

Treatment of SMC Composite Waste for Recycling as Reinforcing Fillers in Thermoplastics

Needs for recycling thermoset composite materials are considerably increasing. Unfortunately, such materials are particularly difficult to recycle due to their crosslinked nature. In this paper, we focus on the case of Sheet Moulding Compounds (SMC), which consist of an unsaturated polyester filled with glass fibres and calcium carbonate. We consider the possibilities of mechanical treatments allowing to obtain ground fractions that could be used as fillers for the reinforcement of thermoplastics. Two processes are described and compared with an existing industrial one. Finally, optimised fractions of SMC waste are introduced into polypropylene, leading to promising results in term of mechanical properties.     

Subspace Search Method for Quadratic Programming With Box Constraints

1.IntroductionInthispaper,weconsidertheproblemofminimizingaquadraticconvexprogrammingwithboxconstrainedvariables:Minf(x)s.t.x6fi(1'1)1,wherefi={xER":15xSu},f(x)=AX"Hx bTx,andHisannbynsymmetric.2positivedefinitematrix,andb,l,uaregivenconstantvectorsin...