Fractal geometry concerned with stable and dynamic fracture mechanics

Fractal modeling of the rugged crack geometry is considered for the stable and dynamic fracture mechanics characterizing the morphology of a fracture surface and the influence of its growth. It is shown that the fractal dimension has a strong influence on the rising of the R-curve in brittle materials. For the unstable Griffith–Mott’s approach or dynamical crack growth the fractal dimension has a strong influence on the velocity limit of the crack growth. It is also shown that the limit of crack velocity lowers with increasing surface ruggedness (higher fractal dimension D = 2 − H) explaining the intangibility of the Rayleigh wave velocity by the cracks.     

钒氧阴离子团簇与小分子碳氢化合物反应的实验和理论研究(英文)

为了在分子层次上揭示相关催化反应的机理,人们对过渡金属氧化物团簇与碳氢化合物分子反应进行了大量研究.相比于过渡金属氧化物团簇阳离子,阴离子对一些碳氢化合物的活性弱得多,因此研究还很少.在本工作中,我们通过激光溅射产生钒氧团簇阴离子VxOy-,产生的团簇在接近热碰撞条件下与烷烃(C2H6和C4H10)以及烯烃(C2H4和C3H6)在一个快速流动反应管中进行反应,飞行时间质谱用来检测反应前后的团簇分布.在VxOy-与烷烃的反应中,生成了产物V2O6H-和V4O11H-;在与烯烃的反应中,产生了相应的吸附产物V4O11X-(X=C2H4或C3H6).密度泛函理论计算表明:V2O6-和V4O1-1可以活化烷烃(C2H6和C4H10)的C-H键,也可以与烯烃(C2H4和C3H6)发生3+2环化加成反应形成一个五元环结构(-V-O-C-C-O-),C-H键活化与环加成反应都需经历可以克服的反应能垒.理论计算与实验观测结果相符合.V2O6-和V4O1-1团簇都具有氧原子自由基(O·或O-)的成键特征,活性O-物种也经常出现在钒氧催化剂表面,因而本研究在分子水平上,揭示了表面活性氧物种与碳氢化合物反应的机理.     

CS-800红外碳硫分析仪测定合金钢中的碳和硫

研究了碳硫分析在不同钨助熔剂加入量及不同分析时间的条件下所得碳、硫元素含量,首次结合分析曲线验证最佳条件,并对碳、硫分析可能存在的误差进行浅析.     

Synthesis and Sm/Sm doping effects on photoluminescence properties of Sr4Al14O25

Complete and partial samarium reduction was achieved under strong reducing atmosphere by solid-state and combustion synthesis of Sr_3.96Sm_0.04Al₁₄O₂₅. Dependence of different fluxing agents on the formation of various strontium aluminates was examined. The samples were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction, temperature dependent luminescence decay and photoluminescence measurements. Excitation with UV radiation resulted in sharp and well resolved emission lines of samarium ions. Distinct temperature behavior for Sm²⁺ and Sm³⁺ were detected in the range of 100-500 K. Estimated emission thermal quenching values (TQ_1/2) for divalent samarium were approximately 270 K while for trivalent state around 660 K. Measured luminescence decay values of Sm²⁺ are substantially lower than for Sm³⁺,≈1.7 and ≈2.7 ms, respectively. The spectral feature of Sm²⁺ emission spectrum indicates that dopant occupies low symmetry site in Sr₄Al₁₄O₂₅ compound.     

SO2气体激光诱导色散荧光时间断层扫描研究

以纳秒Nd:YAG激光器的四倍频（266 nm）为激发源,利用门选通增强光学多通道光谱分析仪 (OMA),研究了SO2分子第一激发带粒子的荧光辐射与碰撞弛豫相结合的复杂退激发过程。通过对SO2分子第一激发带的激发及碰撞弛豫过程的时间断层扫描分析,可以将激光诱导色散荧光谱中以305.6 nm、337.2 nm为中心的荧光包络和以424.7 nm为中心的规则序列分别归属于B1B1、A1A2低振动能级和a3B1基振动能级到基电子态X1A1不同振动能级的荧光跃迁,由此可以确定大气污染气体SO2的诱导荧光的灵敏检测波长为425 nm;由规则序列的实验数据可以计算出SO2分子基电子态X1A1的对称振动和弯曲振动模式的基振动角频率分别为ω1= 1151.8±0.6 cm-1和ω2= 517.8±0.6 cm-1,两振动模式的非谐性常数分别为 = 8±0.6 cm-1和 = 9.2±0.6 cm-1。     

Ultrasonic system for accurate distance measurement in the air

This paper presents a system that accurately measures the distance travelled by ultrasound waves through the air. The simple design of the system and its obtained accuracy provide a tool for non-contact distance measurements required in the laser’s optical system that investigates the surface of the eyeball.     

Dual energy time reversed elastic wave propagation and nonlinear signal processing for localisation and depth-profiling of near-surface defects: a simulation study

Nonlinear Elastic Wave Spectroscopy (NEWS) relies on the activation of defects by wave energy that propagates through the medium. In general, the response of activated defects will not scale linearly with the excitation amplitude, and the resulting nonlinear signatures can be identified and used for quality inspection. The efficiency of NEWS based inspection methods is therefore intrinsically linked to the locally deposited activation energy at the defect zone and the ability to generate nonlinear signatures that exceed the noise level of acquisition. Time Reversal techniques allow focusing of high levels of energy in small areas, and are consequently very useful for the local activation of defected zones. In this report, numerical simulations are reported showing the potential of a combination consisting of dual energy reciprocal Time Reversal and nonlinearity filtering using the Scaling Subtraction Method. The method is applied to the detection of planar near-surface defects parallel to the surface in a 2D domain. The results are evaluated for sweep excitation at different frequency ranges; for point-like receiver as well as extended transducers, and for in-plane as well as out-of-plane focusing. The observable nonlinear response at the surface is linked to an effective nonlinearity within the medium based on the defect geometry and the distribution of the local stresses.     

Study of heterogeneous interaction in binary mixtures of 2-methoxyethanol-water using dielectric relaxation spectroscopy

The dielectric relaxation measurements on binary mixtures of 2-methoxyethanol with water have been carried out over entire concentrations and at temperature range of 0 °C to 25 °C using a picosecond time domain reflectometry technique. The complex dielectric permittivity spectra of 2-methoxyethanol/water mixtures were fitted using Havriliak-Negami equation. The static dielectric constant and relaxation time for all concentrations were obtained using least square fit method. The principal relaxation time is small if compared to that of corresponding alcohol/water mixtures this may be due to the hydrogen bonding ether oxygen in the 2-ME-water system. Excess dielectric properties, Kirkwood correlation factor, thermodynamic properties and Bruggeman factor are also determined and the results are interpreted in terms of heterogeneous interactions among the unlike molecules due to hydrogen bonding.     

The impact of competing time delays in coupled stochastic systems

We study the impact of competing time delays in coupled stochastic synchronization and coordination problems. We consider two types of delays: transmission delays between interacting elements and processing, cognitive, or execution delays at each element. We establish the scaling theory for the phase boundary of synchronization and for the steady-state fluctuations in the synchronizable regime. Further, we provide the asymptotic behavior near the boundary of the synchronizable regime. Our results also imply the potential for optimization and trade-offs in synchronization problems with time delays.     

Multi-player stopping games with redistribution of payoffs and BSDEs with oblique reflection

We examine the connections between a novel class of multi-person stopping games with redistribution of payoffs and multi-dimensional reflected BSDEs in discrete- and continuous-time frameworks. Our goal is to provide an essential extension of classic results for two-player stopping games (Dynkin games) to the multi-player framework. We show the link between certain multi-period m$m$-player stopping games and a new kind of m$m$-dimensional reflected BSDEs. The existence and uniqueness of a solution to continuous-time reflected BSDEs are established. Continuous-time redistribution games are constructed with the help of reflected BSDEs and a characterization of the value of such stopping games is provided.