External noise and its interaction with spatial degrees of freedom in nonlinear dissipative systems

A brief introduction to the field is given together with an overview of the lectures given at the workshop on External Noise and its Interaction with Spatial Degrees of Freedom in Nonlinear Dissipative Systems organized by the Center for Nonlinear Studies at Los Alamos, March 28–31, 1988. It is hoped that the publication of papers presented at the workshop in a single issue of theJournal of Statistical Physics will help draw attention to the recent developments in this rapidly area of nonequilibrium phenomena.     

Kinetic limit of a conservative lattice gas dynamics showing long-range correlations

An anisotropic lattice gas dynamics is investigated for which particles on ^d jump to empty nearest neighbor sites with (fast) rate ^–2 in a specified direction and some particular configuration-dependent rates in the other directions. The model is translation and reflection invariant and is particle conserving. The space coordinate in the fast-rate direction is rescaled by ^–1. It follows that the density field converges in probability, as 0, to the corresponding solution of a nonlinear diffusion-type equation. The microscopic fluctuations about the deterministic macroscopic evolution are determined explicitly and it is found that the stationary fluctuations decay via a power law (1/r ^d ) with the direction dependence of a quadrupole field.     

Noise-induced global asymptotic stability

We prove analytically that additive and parametric (multiplicative) Gaussian distributed white noise, interpreted in either the Itô or Stratonovich formalism, induces global asymptotic stability in two prototypical dynamical systems designated as supercritical (the Landau equation) and subcritical, respectively. In both systems without noise, variation of a parameter leads to a switching between a single, globally stable steady state and multiple, locally stable steady states. With additive noise this switching is mirrored in the behavior of the extrema of probability densities at the same value of the parameter. However, parametric noise causes a noise-amplitude-dependent shift (postponement) in the parameter value at which the switching occurs. It is shown analytically that the density converges to a Dirac delta function when the solution of the Fokker-Planck equation is no longer normalizable.     

自催化三分子模型内噪声随机共振

运用化学Langevin方程 ,数值研究了内噪声对单个和单向耦合自催化三分子模型动力学行为的影响 .研究发现 ,对于单个振子体系 ,内噪声可以诱导持续振荡 ,而且随着系统尺度的增大 ,信噪比经过一个极大值 ,从而证明了内噪声随机共振和最佳尺度效应的存在 ;对于单向耦合系统 ,信噪比还随耦合强度的变化而经过极大值 .此外 ,边界条件对耦合体系的内噪声随机共振行为有很大影响 ,非零流条件下 ,耦合可以增强内噪声随机共振 ,而零流条件下 ,耦合会抑制随机共振 ;当耦合强度适宜时 ,每个振子发生随机共振时的尺度几乎相同 ,表明最佳体系尺度和耦合强度有助于体系达到最佳的化学反应状态 .     

用示波器测电池的电动势和内电阻

本介绍了一种新的测量电源电动势的方法,即用示波器测电池的电动势和内电阻。     

LOM and HOM damping study in a superconducting deflecting cavity for ALS at LBNL

Superconducting deflecting cavities can be used in synchrotron light source to generate subpicosecond X-ray pulses while the impedance of the lower order modes (LOM) and higher order modes (HOM) in the cavity should be kept below an accepted level to avoid beam instability. These modes can be damped by adding waveguide on beam pipe. Detailed simulation of Q in CST Microwave Studio is introduced and experiment results on an aluminum model cavity with damping waveguide are reported to make a comparison.     

采用FTIR和电子能谱EDS指纹图谱直观比对鉴定右归丸济生肾气丸

结合FTIR和电子能谱EDS指纹图谱,鉴别了两种组成相近的中药复方右归丸和济生肾气丸.测定右归丸和济生肾气丸样品氯仿提取物的红外指纹图谱,依据W检验理论判别方法精细建立两种中药复方红外指纹图谱的特征吸收峰组,确定了各个特征吸收峰相对应的特征分子基团和药物成分组成.同时测量两种中药复方原药粉末样品的EDS指纹图谱.根据两...     

3D ultrasound reconstruction algorithms from analog and digital data

Freehand 3D ultrasound is increasingly being introduced in the clinic for diagnostics and image-assisted interventions. Various algorithms exist for combining 2D images of regular ultrasound probes to 3D volumes, being either voxel-, pixel- or function-based. Previously, the most commonly used input to 3D ultrasound reconstruction has been digitized analog video. However, recent scanners that offer access to digital image frames exist, either as processed or unprocessed data. To our knowledge, no comparison has been performed to determine which data source gives the best reconstruction quality. In the present study we compared both reconstruction algorithms and data sources using novel comparison methods for detecting potential differences in image quality of the reconstructed volumes. The ultrasound scanner used in this study was the Sonix RP from Ultrasonix Medical Corp (Richmond, Canada), a scanner that allow third party access to unprocessed and processed digital data. The ultrasound probe used was the L14-5/38 linear probe. The assessment is based on a number of image criteria: detectability of wire targets, spatial resolution, detectability of small barely visible structures, subjective tissue image quality, and volume geometry. In addition we have also performed the more “traditional” comparison of reconstructed volumes by removing a percentage of the input data. By using these evaluation methods and data from the specific scanner, the results showed that the processed video performed better than the digital scan-line data, digital video being better than analog video. Furthermore, the results showed that the choice of video source was more important than the choice of tested reconstruction algorithms.     

Efficient error estimation in quantum key distribution

In a quantum key distribution(QKD)system,the error rate needs to be estimated for determining the joint probability distribution between legitimate parties,and for improving the performance of key reconciliation.We propose an efficient error estimation scheme for QKD,which is called parity comparison method(PCM).In the proposed method,the parity of a group of sifted keys is practically analysed to estimate the quantum bit error rate instead of using the traditional key sampling.From the simulation results,the proposed method evidently improves the accuracy and decreases revealed information in most realistic application situations.