胶原纤维固化黑荆树单宁吸附V(V)的研究

研究了胶原纤维固化黑荆树单宁对V(V)的吸附。采用不同温度、pH值等条件进行吸附研究,并进一步探讨了固化黑荆树单宁的吸附动力学和吸附柱动力学及其吸附机理。结果表明,该材料对V(V)的吸附平衡符合Freund lich方程,温度对吸附平衡的影响不明显;吸附动力学可用拟二级速度方程来描述,该材料同时具有良好的柱动力学特性;V(V)的吸附过程可能存在三个反应,即V(V)与吸附剂之间发生氧化还原反应生成V(IV),V(IV)和-COOH之间发生离子交换反应,以及V(IV)与单宁的邻位羟基发生螯合。     

Biotic Cathode of Graphite Fibre Brush for Improved Application in Microbial Fuel Cells

The biocathode in a microbial fuel cell (MFC) system is a promising and a cheap alternative method to improve cathode reaction performance. This study aims to identify the effect of the electrode combination between non-chemical modified stainless steel (SS) and graphite fibre brush (GFB) for constructing bio-electrodes in an MFC. In this study, the MFC had two chambers, separated by a cation exchange membrane, and underwent a total of four different treatments with different electrode arrangements (anodeǁcathode)—SSǁSS (control), GFBǁSS, GFBǁGFB and SSǁGFB. Both electrodes were heat-treated to improve surface oxidation. On the 20th day of the operation, the GFBǁGFB arrangement generated the highest power density, up to 3.03 W/m³ (177 A/m³), followed by the SSǁGFB (0.0106 W/m³, 0.412 A/m³), the GFBǁSS (0.0283 W/m³, 17.1 A/m³), and the SSǁSS arrangements (0.0069 W/m⁻³, 1.64 A/m³). The GFBǁGFB had the lowest internal resistance (0.2 kΩ), corresponding to the highest power output. The other electrode arrangements, SSǁGFB, GFBǁSS, and SSǁSS, showed very high internal resistance (82 kΩ, 2.1 kΩ and 18 kΩ, respectively) due to the low proton and electron movement activity in the MFC systems. The results show that GFB materials can be used as anode and cathode in a fully biotic MFC system.     

烧结烟气脱硫脱硝用活性炭混合钢渣复合材料的光谱学分析

钢渣是冶金工业中产生的主要固体废弃物,其产量约为每年粗钢产量的15%~20%。由于技术的局限,导致我国钢渣利用率较低,仅为年钢渣产量的10%,同时加之管理制度的不健全,导致钢渣大量露天堆放,对土地资源、地下水源,以及空气质量形成严重影响。固体废弃物再利用是资源可持续发展的重要途径之一,钢渣的主要化学成分为CaO, SiO2, Al2O3, MgO, Fe2O3, MnO, f-CaO等。面对上述问题,利用冶金固体废弃物与活性炭开发一种价格低廉且性能优越的活性炭混合钢渣复合材料,既是冶金固体废弃物的高附加值利用与资源可持续发展的重要途径之一,也是大幅降低改性活性炭生产成本与提高经济效益的重要途径之一。该研究创新性以活性炭与钢渣为研究对象,利用钢渣中含有的金属氧化物对活性炭进行改性处理制备用于烧结烟气脱硫脱硝的活性炭混合钢渣复合材料,通过搭建实验反应装置对活性炭混合钢渣复合材料的脱硫脱硝性能进行测试。利用X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)对钢渣的化学成分进行测试与分析,比表面积及孔径测定仪(BET)对活性炭混合钢渣复合材料的孔结构进行测试与分析,傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)对钢渣的结构组成进行测试与分析,扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对活性炭混合钢渣复合材料的微观结构进行测试与分析,以揭示活性炭与钢渣制备活性炭混合钢渣复合材料的机理,以及活性炭混合钢渣复合材料对烧结烟气脱硫脱硝的机理。结果表明:当钢渣为电炉热泼渣、钢渣与活性炭质量比为2∶4、钢渣与活性炭细度为400目时,活性炭混合钢渣复合材料具有良好的脱硫脱硝性能与合理的经济性,即脱硫效率为100%、脱硝效率为58%。活性炭混合钢渣复合材料具有的多孔结构对SO2和NO进行有作用,钢渣中Fe2O3与MnO2促使活性炭官能团进行催化还原反应提高脱硫脱硝性能,其中吸附作用是主导与前提,催化还原反应是辅助与协同。以期为高附加值的钢渣利用提供新途径,实现钢铁企业以废治废、以废增效的目的。     

Preparation of a Carbon-Coated SPME Fiber and Application to the Analysis of BTEX and Halocarbons in Water

A carbon-coated fiber for solid-phase microextraction (SPME) has been prepared from powdered activated carbon (PAC) and a fused-silica fiber. Scanning electron microscopy of the coating revealed the carbon particles were uniformly distributed on the surface of the fiber substrate. Efficient extraction of BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, p-xylene, and o-xylene) and halocarbons (chloroform, trichloroethylene, and carbon tetrachloride), with short extraction and desorption times, was achieved by use of the coated fiber. The maximum working temperature of the coated fiber was 300 °C and the lifetime was over 140 desorption operations at 260 °C. Limits of quantification (LOQ) of the SPME method for the eight analytes ranged from 0.01 to 0.94 μg L⁻¹, and relative standard deviations (RSD) were below 7.2% (n=6). Recoveries were 87.9–113.4% when the method was applied to the analysis of BTEX and the halocarbons in real aqueous samples. An erratum to this article is available at .     

EDTA滴定法测定钢渣中游离氧化镁

以碘-乙醇溶液为催化剂,选择乙二醇作溶剂浸取钢渣中游离氧化镁,采用EDTA滴定法测定其中游离氧化镁的含量。试验中考察了碘-乙醇的最佳用量和K-B混合指示剂的最合适配比。结果表明:催化剂碘-乙醇溶液的添加量达碘与氧化镁的质量比为7.5比1,指示剂中酸性铬蓝K和萘酚绿B的比值为1比1.4时,滴定终点变色明显,滴定结果准确。在钢渣中加入纯氧化镁测定的平均回收率为96.5%,相对标准偏差(n=5)为1.3%。     

用活性炭纤维同时脱除二氧化碳中COS与H_2S的研究

采用固定床动态吸附实验考察了用NaOH、KOH、Na2CO3、K2CO3和Fe3+、CO2+等对活性炭纤维(ACF)进行改性,并分别对其脱除氧硫化碳(COS)和硫化氢(H2S)的性能进行了测试。重点是以N2和CO2为稀释气,对改性离子的种类、含量、反应气氛和反应温度等的脱硫性能进行研究,还考察了在COS和H2S同时存在的情况下,ACF脱除COS和H2S的性能。结果表明,碱改性ACF比空白ACF脱除效果好,金属离子改性ACF与碱改性ACF相比可以有效地提高活性炭纤维的硫容量。其中,用CO2+改性ACF能同时提高脱除COS和H2S的效果。     

复发性阿弗他溃疡与相关的营养因素研究进展

以国内外研究复发性阿弗他溃疡营养因素的相关论文为依据,综述了近十年有关对复发性阿弗他溃疡（RAU）营养因素的研究进展。包括：RAU与微量元素锌、铁、硒、铜,维生素A、C、E、B2、B12,蛋白质,膳食纤维和谷类的关系。RAU的发生与体内微量元素锌、铁、硒、铜的减少,维生素A、C、E、B2、B12,蛋白质和膳食纤维的摄取不足密切相关,全谷类食品（功能稻米）对缓解RAU有帮助。     

Dynamic modeling and simulation of deploying process for space solar power satellite receiver

To reveal some dynamic properties of the deploying process for the solar power satellite via an arbitrarily large phased array (SPS-ALPHA) solar receiver, the symplectic Runge-Kuttamethod is used to simulate the simplified model with the consideration of the Rayleigh damping effect. The system containing the Rayleigh damping can be separated and transformed into the equivalent nondamping system formally to insure the application condition of the symplectic Runge-Kutta method©First, the Lagrange equation with the Rayleigh damping governing the motion of the system is derived via the variational principle. Then, with some reasonable assumptions on the relations among the damping, mass, and stiffness matrices, the Rayleigh damping system is equivalently converted into the nondamping system formally, so that the symplectic Runge-Kutta method can be used to simulate the deploying process for the solar receiver. Finally, some numerical results of the symplectic Runge-Kutta method for the dynamic properties of the solar receiver are reported. The numerical results show that the proposed simplified model is valid for the deploying process for the SPS-ALPHA solar receiver, and the symplectic Runge-Kutta method can preserve the displacement constraints of the system well with excellent long-time numerical stability.     

氢化物发生原子荧光法测定钢铁中微痕量碲

碲是钢铁的微痕量有害杂质,易引发晶间脆化和微裂纹,降低材料的力学与抗疲劳性能,危及船海装备的服役安全,需要准确快速的检测和控制。原标准方法GB/T 223.55—2008《钢铁及合金碲含量的测定示波极谱法》使用滴汞电极,存在局部汞富集与危及人员健康和水体环境的风险。伴随《关于汞的水俣公约》在国内外的全面生效,该方法已于2017年废止。钢铁中碲的检验迫切呼唤绿色环保、准确快速的分析方法。基于碲可被新生态氢还原为易挥发氢化物的特点,采用氢化物发生进样技术从基体溶液中高选择性地分离和富集碲,并联用原子荧光法测定钢铁中微痕量碲。实验优化了负高压、灯电流、观察高度、载气流量、屏蔽气流量等光谱仪的工作参数,研究确定了消解用酸、试液介质、溶液酸度、载流酸度与硼氢化钾浓度等氢化物发生条件,系统考察了铁基体与铬、镍、锰、铜、钼、钨、钛、硅、钒等共存离子的干扰效应及掩蔽方法。确定的条件参数如下,负高压：360 V,灯电流：70～80 mA,观察高度：7～8 mm,载气流量：700 mL·min^-1,屏蔽气流量：700～800 mL·min^-1,试液介质：15%盐...     

X射线荧光光谱法分析玻璃纤维中主、次量元素成分

采用粉末压片-波长色散X射线荧光光谱法分析了中碱及无碱玻璃纤维中硅、铝、钙、镁、铁、钛、钾、钠、砷、氟等10种主、次量元素成分含量。以6个标准样品并结合两个参考样品建立校准曲线,采用DeJongh模式方程有效校正玻璃基体中元素间的吸收增强效应和重叠效应。该方法测定10个元素的精密度和准确度均较好,其相对标准偏差在0．35％～2．86％之间,对实际样品的分析结果与化学法相吻合,可应用于玻璃纤维中多元素成分的快速分析。