动态压缩下Zr基非晶合金失效释能机理

为研究Zr 基非晶合金动态压缩条件下的失效释能机理,采用力学试验机、霍普金森杆、高速摄影、差示扫描量热分析(differential scanning calorimetry, DSC)、扫描电镜(scanning electron microscope, SEM)等,得到了材料应力应变曲线、高速摄影图像、失效式样微观形貌及DSC 曲线,根据实验数据计算了材料的晶化激活能,并拟合了材料的JH-2(Johnson-Holmquist Ⅱ)模型,对材料动态失效过程进行有限元数值模拟。实验结果表明,压缩条件下材料为脆性断裂,断口处观察到典型的脉状纹样及液滴状结构,材料失效过程伴随着释能现象;数值模拟结果表明,材料裂纹局部的瞬时内能大于材料晶化激活能。动态压缩下材料的失效释能机理即为材料破碎释放储存的弹性势能,并导致材料局部晶化释能,释能强度与应变率成正相关。     

一类改进最大熵方法的可调参数分析

在结构可靠性分析中,引入含可调参数的转换函数能对传统的最大熵方法进行改进,获得更高的失效概率预测精度。但是,此可调参数的最佳取值很难确定。针对这一问题,引入概率守恒方程,从功能函数转换前后所得概率密度函数出发,建立其最大熵值的变化关系,给出转换前后最大熵值之差的理论形式。通过对三种典型单调非线性转换函数开展算例研究,发现功能函数转换前后的最大熵值之差与转换函数的最佳可调参数值有关。改变可调参数值驱使最大熵值之差变化的同时,改进最大熵方法能遍历到更好的失效概率估计值。     

Feasibility study on qualitative and quantitative analysis in tea by near infrared spectroscopy with multivariate calibration

This study attempted the feasibility to use near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy as a rapid analysis method to qualitative and quantitative assessment of the tea quality. NIR spectroscopy with soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) method was proposed to identify rapidly tea varieties in this paper. In the experiment, four tea varieties from Longjing, Biluochun, Qihong and Tieguanyin were studied. The better results were achieved following as: the identification rate equals to 90% only for Longjing in training set; 80% only for Biluochun in test set; while, the remaining equal to 100%. A partial least squares (PLS) algorithm is used to predict the content of caffeine and total polyphenols in tea. The models are calibrated by cross-validation and the best number of PLS factors was achieved according to the lowest root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV). The correlation coefficients and the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) in the test set were used as the evaluation parameters for the models as follows: R = 0.9688, RMSEP = 0.0836% for the caffeine; R = 0.9299, RMSEP = 1.1138% for total polyphenols. The overall results demonstrate that NIR spectroscopy with multivariate calibration could be successfully applied as a rapid method not only to identify the tea varieties but also to determine simultaneously some chemical compositions contents in tea.     

以聚乙二醇为模板剂制备MoS2空心微球

以聚乙二醇(PEG)为模板剂, 采用软模板法制备出MoS2空心微球, 并采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、红外光谱仪(IR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对产物进行表征. 结果表明, 所制备的MoS2为粒径约2-7 μm的空心微球, 但结晶程度较差, 需通过退火工艺进行改善; 聚乙二醇与MoS2发生了较为强烈的有机-无机杂化作用, 其浓度和分子量对产物形貌调控均有重要影响. 同时, 结合红外光谱分析, 对MoS2空心微球的形成机理进行了初步的探讨.     

圆裂短足软珊瑚Cladiella krempfi中的甾醇苷

软珊瑚中富含各种萜类、甾类和糖苷[1～ 3] .Christopher[4 ] 和 Bheemasankara[5] 等先后对圆裂短足软珊瑚 Cladiella krempfi中的次生代谢产物进行了研究 ,先后分离得到 5个西松烷二萜 .本文报道从广西涠洲半岛采集的圆裂短足软珊瑚 Cladiella krempfi中首次分离得到 2个甾醇苷 1和 2 ,其中 1是新化合物 .化合物 2曾从南中国海的豆荚软珊瑚 Lobophyton sp.中分离得到 ,它对人体鼻咽癌 (Cne 2 )和肝癌 (Pep-G2 )细胞生长有抑制作用[6 ] .化合物 1和 2的结构如下 :1　结果与讨论化合物 1经 Liebermann-Burchard试验呈甾醇正颜色反应 ,M…     

不同分子量软链段的聚己内酯型聚氨酯扩链反应动力学研究

合成了一系列不同分子量的聚己内酯,进而制备异氰酸根封端的聚己内酯预聚体,用傅里叶变换红外光谱研究了不同分子量的聚己内酯预聚体与二元醇的扩链反应.扩链反应动力学研究结果表明:聚己内酯预聚体与二元醇的扩链反应均为二级反应;随着软链段反应物料分子量的增加,反应速率常数显著降低,但当分子量超过某一范围后,其对反应速率的影响逐渐减小,趋于不变.对于不同硬链段反应物料含量的扩链反应体系,硬链段反应物料含量越高,软链段反应物料分子量对反应速率的影响越明显,而且,当软链段反应物料分子量超过某一范围后,不同体系的反应速率常数间的差值趋于不变.Arrhenius方程中的指前因子(B)随软链段反应物料分子量的变化关系与速率常数对分子量的依赖关系相同;从反应速率常数对温度的依赖关系可见:表观活化能的直线斜率基本相同,扩链反应的活化能主要与官能团的反应活性相关.     

心衰标志物可视化联合检测方法研究

基于夹心免疫原理和表面免疫吸附模型,采用Image Pro Plus软件对硅片表面磁颗粒分布图像进行定量化处理,建立了硅片表面心衰标志物可视化联合检测方法。研究表明,该方法从抗体包被到获得检测结果不超过1 ｈ,操作简单,在单张硅片上可实现心衰标志物NT-proBNP和cTnI的联合检测。NT-proBNP和cTnI的最低检出限分别为21.8 pg/mL和0.034 ng/mL,检测范围分别为21.8~40000 pg/mL和0.034~50 ng/mL。83例不同程度心血管疾病患者的血清样本的检测结果与商品化免疫分析仪检测结果一致,相关系数r>0.98。因此,该快速免疫检测方法可以满足临床检测心衰标志物的需要。     

Soft microswimmers: Material capabilities and biomedical applications

In the last decades, microrobotics has attracted much attention of researchers due to the unique characteristics of shapes, propulsion mechanisms, and potential applications in the biomedical field. Recently, the research of microrobots has shifted to soft microrobots owing to their softness, elasticity and reconfigurability benefiting to interact with the complex channels in the human body compared to their rigid counterparts. There is significant progress on soft microswimmers and that encourages us to review this field timely to promote the development. In this review, we mainly highlight the progress of the soft microswimmers in recent years. The materials with softness, deformability and shape-morphing characteristics are surveyed as well as biocompatibility, followed by standard fabrication methods. Additionally, the locomotion based on self-propelled and external-field-driven mechanisms has been compared and discussed. Finally, the biomedical applications in imaging, targeted drug delivery and therapy, and microsurgery are highlighted followed by addressing the perspectives.     

脆性材料破坏过程分析的数值试验方法

文中运用作者新近开发的材料破坏过程分析MFPA2D系统,以岩石、混凝土等非均匀脆性材料的破坏过程分析为例,说明了数值模拟方法给脆性材料破坏理论发展所带来的契机,并简述了MFPA2D在煤层移动、地下工程稳定性、地震孕育机制,以及复合材料破坏问题研究中的应用前景．     

材料破坏过程中应力分布的数值光弹图

 介绍应用材料破坏过程分析(MFPA)系统进行材料破坏过程应力 场分析的“数值光弹”方法. 给出了几种材料试样在外部载荷作用 下变形或破坏时的内部应力分布条纹图. 结果表明(MFPA)系统为研 究材料破坏过程中的应力分布提供了一种简单易行的分析方法.