Effect of cooling rate in [(Fe0.5Co0.5)0.75B0.2Si0.05]100-xNbx alloy system on magnetic properties

The effect of cooling rate on the thermal stability and soft magnetic properties of [(Fe_0.5Co_0.5)_0.75B_0.2Si_0.05]_100-xNb_x (x = 5, 6, 7, 8 at. %) system was investigated. The alloys were produced into the form of ribbon and cylindrical rod by melt-spinning and injection casting, respectively. Their structure, thermal, mechanical and soft magnetic properties were investigated by x-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, universal testing machine and vibrating sample magnetometer, respectively. All of the alloys were identified as fully amorphous by X-ray diffraction. It turned out that the rod samples had exceptionally high saturation fields reaching 3.0 kOe, which is key properties for sensor application. Also, among these Fe,Co-based samples, the Fe_35.25 Co_35.25 B_18.8 Si_4.70 Nb₆ ribbon exhibits the highest saturation magnetization with 142.1 emu/g.     

SOFA评分联合超声对脓毒症合并AKI患者的预后价值分析

本文主要探究SOFA评分联合超声对脓毒症合并急性肾损伤(AKI)患者的预后价值。选取2017年1月~2019年1月本院脓毒症合并AKI患者50例作为观察组,并分为AKI 1、2、3期,将同期入院的50例脓毒症患者作为对照组,两组患者均采用SOFA评分联合超声进行预后评估。结果发现,观察组PDU评分低于对照组(P<0.05),RI值、SOFA评分高于对照组(P<0.05);不同分期的3组间的PDU评分、SOFA评分不同,随着AKI分期的增加,PDU评分降低、SOFA评分增加(P<0.05),但3组间的RI值并无不同(P>0.05);50例脓毒症合并AKI患者发生院内死亡率为44.00%。经单因素分析发现,年龄、机械通气时间、ICU住院时间、AKI分期、脓毒症休克、SOFA评分、PDU评分为影响患者预后不佳的因素(P<0.05);AKI3期、发生脓毒性休克、SOFA评分、PDU评分是脓毒症合并AKI患者预后不佳的独立因素(P<0.05),ROC曲线下面积(AUC)越大,对预后的预测效能越好,当AUC>70.00%时具有临床价值。两者联合显著高于单独应用SOFA评分(AUC=74.28%)或PDU评分(P<0.001)。上述结果说明,脓毒症合并AKI患者采用SOFA评分联合超声用于评估患者的预后,优于单独采用SOFA评分或超声,两者联合的预测价值更大。     

Characterization and electrochemical deposition of natural melanin thin films

Melanin is an important class of biological pigments because of its distinct chemical and physical properties. The electrochemical deposition of natural melanin thin films was studied using two different techniques; constant potential and cyclic voltammetry along with a deposition time of five hours. The thin films deposited electrochemically on a fluorine-doped tin oxide conductive glass substrate using the constant potential method, exhibited faster growth rate and better adhesion to the fluorine-doped tin oxide working electrodes than those deposited using the cyclic voltammetry method. The thin films deposited on the fluorine-doped tin oxide conductor glass using the constant potential method were also more homogeneous than those deposited via the cyclic voltammetry technique. The increase of film thickness is related to the increase of electrochemical deposition time. Interestingly, the electrochemical deposition using the constant potential method had the advantage of consuming less electric charge. The physical and chemical structures of the melanin thin films were characterized using ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The ultraviolet–visible absorption spectra showed the correlation between the variation of deposition rates of melanin and the type of electrochemical technique employed as well as the thickness of the film. The average thickness of the film is 500 nm which absorb 40% of light in both type of films. The atomic force microscopy images illustrated the homogeneous deposition of the melanin molecules on the fluorine-doped tin oxide conductive glass substrate, indicating that the thickness of the thin films can be controlled. We estimated an average grain size of 14.093 Å. The ease of preparing such thin films of organic materials can open new avenues towards the use of soft conductors, in contrast to the complex preparation of industrial semiconductors.     

修理设备可更换且修理有延迟的两不同型部件并联可修系统

假定部件的寿命服从指数分布,其修理延迟时间和修理时间均服从一般分布,并且修理设备的寿命服从指数分布,其更换时间服从一般分布,利用马尔可夫更新过程理论和一种新的分解方法,研究了修理设备可更换且修理有延迟的两不同型部件并联可修系统,求得了系统和修理设备有关可靠性指标的一系列结果.     

周期性梯度折射率多层膜的软X射线反射率

由于界面互扩散的存在,实际的超薄多层膜很难具有清晰的界面结构.假设超薄多层膜为具有周期性梯度折射率的多层膜结构,用直线模型和余弦模型模拟了周期性梯度折射率多层膜的软X射线反射率.结果证明,折射率余弦渐变的多层膜虽然不具有清晰的界面,但它同样具有很高的反射率.     

偏最小二乘法结合傅里叶变换红外漫反射光谱快速测定煤质

发热量、挥发分和灰分等是衡量煤质的质量指标。通常,烟煤的发热量、挥发分和灰分是按行业标准方法[1]分别进行测定的,操作过程繁琐,速度慢,且费用高。随着化学计量学多元校正方法的发展与广泛应用,董庆年采用最小二乘法结合红外光谱成功测定了灰分[2];而应用偏最小二乘法[3](P     

多层网络级联失效的预防和恢复策略概述

现实生活中,与国计民生密切相关的基础设施网络大多不是独立存在的,而是彼此之间相互联系或依赖的,于是用于研究这些系统的多层网络模型随之产生.多层网络中的节点在失效或者遭受攻击后会因"层内"和"层间"的相互作用而产生级联效应,从而使得失效能够在网络层内和层间反复传播并使得失效规模逐步放大.因此,多层网络比单个网络更加脆弱.多层网络级联失效产生的影响和损失往往是非常巨大的,所以对多层网络级联失效的预防和恢复的研究具有重大意义.就多层网络级联失效的预防而言,主要包含故障检测,保护重要节点,改变网络耦合机制和节点备份等策略.就多层网络发生级联失效后的恢复策略而言,主要包含共同边界节点恢复、空闲连边恢复、加边恢复、重要节点优先恢复、更改拓扑结构、局域攻击修复、自适应边修复等策略.     

复合材料失效判据有效性验证方法研究

为系统地验证复合材料失效判据计算精度和有效性范围,给出了4种材料体系、6种铺层形式的层合板在单轴、双轴载荷下的失效试验数据,用以评估复合材料失效判据在单向层合板失效包线、多向层合板初始失效包线、多向层合板最终失效包线、层合板变形及层合板的破坏特性等五个方面的预测能力。并根据验证方法和有效性评估策略对失效判据计算精度进行量化考核,给出了失效判据在五个层面上的计算精度。     

基于持续同调的边坡土颗粒应力链失稳分析

采用颗粒离散元方法和持续同调理论,研究了内排土场堆叠至不同高度时的边坡稳定性。为便于研究,现采用一水平金属板向下施加压力,代替不同厚度土层的重力荷载,对边坡在竖向荷载作用下的失稳破坏过程进行了颗粒离散元模拟。研究了二维边坡土颗粒速度总矢量、边坡失稳破坏时滑移开裂面的角度以及边坡坡顶y方向的平均速度等宏观响应过程,并构建了自然堆积下边坡堆积体颗粒的法向力链无向网络模型。最后,用持续同调方法对边坡坡顶颗粒接触力链网络的拓扑特征进行分析,获得条码图,建立了岩体结构持续同调特征与失稳演化的关系。本文为研究边坡失稳拓扑识别提供了一种新方法,从而可以有效预测边坡的失稳破坏。     

连续损伤力学基临界奇异指数与破坏时间预测

响应量在临近破坏时呈现出临界幂律奇异性加速特征,是一种被广泛证实的灾变破坏前兆,并被火山、滑坡和岩石破坏实验等后验预测结果证实为一种对破坏时间进行短临期预测的可行方法.但是,奇异性指数测量值的较大分散性导致了对其具体取值的争议和预测效果的不确定性.因此,理解奇异性指数取值特征及其内在物理控制因素,成为了一个核心问题.本文基于连续介质损伤力学和材料时间相关失效特征,构建了刻画损伤加速发展通向破坏过程的力学模型.导出了恒名义应力蠕变加载和控制名义应力随时间线性增大两种典型加载方式下,损伤和应变率加速发展通向破坏的临界幂律奇异性前兆特征.阐明了临界幂律奇异性指数取值依赖于材料损伤与承受真应力之间的非线性关系这一内在物理根源,表明了实际测量中奇异性指数的分散性不完全归结于测量数据误差,而是有着内在物理控制因素.针对破坏前奇异性指数的不确定性,建议了在未知奇异性指数条件下预测破坏时间的方法,并基于花岗岩脆性蠕变破坏实验进行了验证和说明.