阿罗不可能性定理的几个等价形式

在这篇短中。给出了关于社会福利函数F的防止策略性操纵的概念,并且证明了如果备选对象至少有三个。则下面结论是相互等价的：(1)F满足Pareto与IIA性质;(2)F满足Pareto与RID性质;(3)F是独裁的;(4)F是满的、正向响应的;(5)F是防止策略操纵的且F是满的。     

对偶理论在福利经济学中的应用

本文首先在效用函数为凹的条件下,建立了政府追求社会福利最大化和资源消耗最小化的优化模型,然后运用对偶理论证明了在政府调控下,社会福利的最大化和资源消耗的最小化能够同时实现,并给出了政府对不同收入消费者实行的个人所得税率与补贴率,最后指出社会福利最大化点是帕累托最优的,     

THE ESTABLISHMENT PROCESS OF INTERNATIONAL UNION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED MECHANICS

本文依据历史资料,简述了国际理论与应用力学联合会(International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,IUTAM)的建立过程,以及中国力学学会 (Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,CSTAM) 1980年加入国际理论与应用力学联合会的一些情况,供大家研究力学史时参考。     

基于医保规制和消费者效用的双渠道医药供应链竞争策略

医药消费者在面对双渠道零售时,会明显受到实体渠道医保报销政策的影响。基于这一现象,本文构建了同时考虑医保规制政策和消费者效用的双渠道医药供应链博弈模型,研究了医保报销比例和电商佣金比例对双渠道定价、供应链绩效以及社会福利的影响规律。研究结果表明:医药双渠道定价会同时随着平台收费标准和医保报销比例的增加而降低;医保报销比例的增加会提高社会福利、降低供应链绩效,同时会弱化网络渠道低价优势,能够有效抑制渠道蚕食现象;电商平台佣金比例的增加虽然在一定程度上提高了社会福利,但是会严重瓜分渠道利润,加剧渠道竞争,导致供应链绩效降低。     

May简单多数规则的描述

本文将Asan就两个备选对象定义的弱路径独立性和Woeginger就两个备选对象定义的亚社会可约性概念推广到任意备选对象集,在给定的有限参与人集及任意备选对象集的条件下,讨论了一社会福利函数是简单多数规则的充要条件,从而推广了Asan和Woeginger的工作.     

倾心培养人才的力学大师——钱学森先生

2022年12月11日是钱学森先生诞辰111周年,本文回顾钱学森先生对近代力学教育事业所做的贡献。钱学森先生按照技术科学的思想培养了一批批新型专业人才,为中国近代力学事业造就了中坚力量。基于钱学森先生在主持中国科学院力学研究所工作期间（1956—1982年）和主持中国力学学会工作期间（1957—1982年）开展的人才培养实践,包括推进力学学会的学术活动与《力学学报》的出版工作、工程控制论学习班、工程力学研究班、中国科学院力学研究所力学科学技术学校、物理训练班、中国科学技术大学等,对钱学森先生关于人才培养的理念和模式给予了细致的阐述。钱学森先生的教育思想和教育实践、办学方针和人才培养方略,与他的科学成就同样具有极高的传承价值。

     

Federations and transitive group choice

The following is a brief English summary of the paper Mirkin (1979), in which he discusses social welfare functions where the relations involved are solely assumed to be reflexive. Under axioms of independence and neutrality, monotonicity, and two domain assumptions the author shows that such a social welfare function is determined by a ‘federation’,i.e., the set of coalitions such that if that each member considers a not worse than b so does the group. The author then characterizes transitive, completeness, definiteness, (a sort of non-indifference assumption), and majority rule in this framework. He also characterizes those domains on which social welfare functions determined by federations F satisfying I ∈ F if and only if ī ? F, are transitive. We omit proofs, which are given in the Russian version, as well as the author's discussion of these results.     

Restricted domains,arrow-social welfare functions and noncorruptible and non-manipulable social choice correspondences: The case of private alternatives

An n-person social choice problem is considered in which the alternatives are n dimensional vectors, with the ith component of such a vector being the part of the alternatives affecting individual i alone. Assuming that individuals are selfish (individual i must be indifferent between any two alternatives with the same components), that they may be indifferent among alternatives and that each individual may choose his preferences out of a different set of permissible preferences, we prove that any set of restricted domains of preferences admits an n person non-dictatorial Arrow-type social welfare function if and only if it admits a two-person Arrow-type social welfare function: we characterize all the sets of restricted domains of preferences which admit two-person Arrow-type social welfare functions (and therefore also admit n-person Arrow-type social welfare functions) and then we prove that we also characterized all the sets of restricted domains of preferences which admit nondictatorial, nonmanipulable, noncorruptible and rational social choice correspondences.     

包含双边投资规范的自由贸易协定网络

当今国际经济趋势表明,包含投资规范的双边自由贸易协定(bilateral FTAs)受到了越来越多国家的欢迎。通过假定双边自由贸易协定包含着无限制对外直接投资规范,基于Goyal和Joshi(2006)^[1],本文构建了相应FTA网络形成博弈模型。本文发现:(1)星状FTA网络是两两稳定的;(2)从空FTA网络到星状FTA网络存在一条个体国家福利和世界福利都严格改善的路径。     

Endangered vascular plants in Japan--present status and a proposal for conservation

The history of the Red List of Japanese vascular plants is briefly reviewed for editing and research. Especially on the results of recent monitoring, the present status of information and conservation activities on the endangered plants in Japan is discussed and the dynamics of the Japanese flora are taken up, in relation to basic research on plant biodiversity on the Japanese Archipelago. The figures of endangered plants are not very variable during the past quarter of a century, but we can surmise that the conservation of threatened species in Japan has been promoted to some extent. Based on the results of such a study, proposals are made to contribute to the sustainable use of plant biodiversity on the Japanese Archipelago under a global conspectus.