Electric-field-driven deracemization.

We demonstrate, both theoretically and experimentally, that it is possible to use an electric field to drive the formation of macroscopic chiral (conglomerate) domains from an initially homogeneous fluid racemate. Field-induced segregation is exhibited in a fluid smectic liquid-crystal phase of a racemic mesogen, wherein enantiomerically-enriched domains are readily identifiable by their chiral electro-optical response. The sharp field-generated boundaries that form between opposite-handed domains broaden by diffusion in the absence of field, but reform rapidly if the field is switched on again, providing unambiguous evidence for the field-driven physical separation of enantiomers. A mean-field model successfully describes the steady-state and the dynamic evolution of conglomerate formation.     

任意多阶梯度场强毛细管凝胶电泳中谱带的迁移和展宽

在自行制备的毛细管凝胶电泳柱上，通过实验考察毛细管凝胶电泳（ＣＧＥ）中场强（Ｅ）和组分迁移率（μ）的关系，发现在一般ＣＧＥ使用的场强范围内，μ随Ｅ增大而成近似线性的增加。并讨论了产生这种现象的原因。以此为基础提供了任意多阶梯度场强毛细管凝胶电泳中组分的迁移时间和距离的计算公式，用于编制计算机程序。     

Structure formation and dynamics of water in strong external electric fields

We have performed molecular dynamics computer simulations of water in homogeneous external electric fields which were varied in a wide range of field strengths. The dielectric response is found to be linear up to fields E₀≈0.01 V/Å from where dielectric saturation effects become important. At fields of E₀≈3 V/Å a phase transition into an ordered, ice-like structure is observed, which is stabilized through hydrogen-bonds. With an increasing external electric field, the frequency spectrum of the water dynamics shows a remarkable red shift of the intramolecular modes and a blue shift of the librational motions, where the frequency varies quadratically with the field strength. A simple analytical model is discussed which reproduces the observed behavior.     

Computation of density of perfluoroalkyl methacrylates: a molecular modeling approach

Molecular dynamics simulations have been carried out on different perfluoroalkyl methacrylates to predict their densities. Density calculations on selected perfluoroalkyl methacrylates have been performed using molecular dynamics in the NPT ensemble by employing COMPASS force field. The calculated density values compared quite well with the experimental data reported in the literature.     

稳态双曲流场中液/液混合的粘性液滴哑铃分散模型

通过对稳态双曲流场中液／液混合体系分散相液滴所受分散作用力的分析，建立了粘性液滴的哑铃分散模型．趋于将两粘性液滴分开的分散作用力与粘度比、流场类型和强度、液滴半径、哑铃取向和尺寸有关．该模型解释了流场类型与分散作用的关系．流场类型对液滴的分散具有很大影响，在纯应变拉伸流场中分散作用力是简单剪切流场中的两倍，因而对于液滴的分散，拉伸流场较简单剪切流场更有效，这与以前的实验结论符合．当体系粘度比趋于无穷大时本模型转化为刚性哑铃分散模型     

MCSCF reaction-path energetics and thermal rate-constants for the reaction of3NH with H2

Summary The intrinsic reaction-path, reactants, transition state and products for the reaction of NH (^3–)+H₂ (¹ _g ⁺ ) NH₂ (²B₁)+H (²S) involving the lowest triplet electronic state of NH₃ were calculated using multi-configuration (MC) SCF methods. The calculated change of internal energy for the reaction of 11.0 kcal mol^–1 agrees with the experimental value within 2 kcal mol^–1. The barrier to reaction is 23.4 kcal mol^–1 high. The harmonic MCSCF reaction-path potential was calculated and canonical variational transition state theory calculations of the rate constants performed over a temperature range from 400 to 2500 K. The computed rate constants are generally two orders of magnitude smaller than those of the comparable reaction of OH with H₂, whereas those of the reverse reaction are by a factor of 20 larger than those of OH₂ with H.     

Direct Visualization of Electromagnetic Microfields by Superposition of Two Kinds of Electron Holograms

A new electron holographic method is presented to directly visualize pure phase objects such as electromagnetic microfields, which is achieved by superposition of two kinds of electron holograms. The method is very simple and is twice as sensitive as the conventional double-exposure electron holography and the four-electron-wave interference. Using this technique, an electric field around a charged latex sphere and a magnetic field around a barium ferrite particle have been directly observed.     

Thermal properties of rare earth dodecaborides

We have measured heat capacity and thermal expansion of rare earth dodecaborides REB₁₂ (RE=Y, Tb-Tm, Lu). YB₁₂ and LuB₁₂ are diamagnetics whereas the other dodecaborides are ordered antiferromagnetically. The amplitude of the heat capacity discontinuity at the Néel temperature and the shape of the heat capacity variation in the critical region for all these antiferromagnetics are characteristics for amplitude-modulated magnetic structures. In the ordered state TbB₁₂ reveals two first-order phase transitions, most likely due to magnetic structure changes. The heat capacity of ErB₁₂ just below the Néel point shows an anomaly of unclear origin. From the Schottky contribution to the heat capacity we have determined crystal field parameters. They are completely different than that is estimated from Point Charge Model.     

Tautomerism and stereochemistry of hypericin: Force field,NMR, and X-ray crystallographic investigations

Summary Stereochemistry and tautomerism of hypericin, pseudohypericin, and several of their partial structure models were investigated using an MM2 derived force field method. Besides the propeller type conformer, which was also found by the X-ray crystallographic study, the complicated energy hypersurface was shown to contain a novel double-butterfly conformer of similar stability. The upper limit interconversion barrier between these conformers and their enantiomers was found to be in the order of 115 kJ/mol.¹H-NMR experiments suggested a lower limit interconversion barrier of at least 80 kJ/mol. From the ten tautomers possible in principle, the 7,14-species was derived to be the most stable one by at least 48 kJ/mol.

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Tautomerie und Stereochemie von Hypericin: Untersuchungen mit Hilfe der Kraftfeld-Methodik, NMR-Spektroskopie und Röntgenstrukturanalyse

Zusammenfassung Die Stereochemie von Hypericin, Pseudohypericin und einigen seiner Partialstrukturmodelle wurde mit Hilfe einer von MM2 abgeleiteten Kraftfeldmethodik untersucht. In der komplizierten Energiehyperfläche wurde neben dem auch durch Röntgenstrukturanalyse gefundenen Propeller-Konformeren ein neues Doppelschmetterling-Konformer ähnlicher Stabilität aufgefunden. Die obere Grenze für die Interkonversionsbarrieren zwischen diesen Konformeren und ihren Enantiomeren sind in der Größenordnung von 115 kJ/mol. Aus¹H-NMR-Experimenten konnte eine untere Grenze von wenigstens 80 kJ/mol abgeleitet werden. Es wurde gefunden, daß von den zehn prinzipiell möglichen Tautomeren die 7,14-Spezies die um wenigstens 48 kJ/mol stabilste ist.

     

Schrödinger Equation Solutions for the Central Field Power Potential Energy I. V(r) = V 0(r/a 0)2ν−2, ν ≥ 1

The solution of a generalized non-relativistic Schrödinger equation with radial potential energy V(r)=V ₀(r/a ₀)^2–2 is presented. After reviewing the general properties of the radial ordinary differential equation, power series solutions are developed. The Green's function is constructed, its trace and the trace of its first iteration are calculated, and the ability of the traces to provide upper and lower bounds for the ground eigenvalue is examined. In addition, WKB-like solutions for the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions are derived. The approximation method yields valid eigenvalues for large quantum numbers (Rydberg states).