EEMD在土壤剖面反射光谱消噪中的应用

实测光谱常含有大量干扰信息,消噪在光谱数据处理和分析中极为重要,它直接影响后续的定量分析和信息挖掘。因此,选择适当的消噪方法是改善光谱分析精度,提升光谱分析能力的一个关键性突破。集合经验模态分解(EEMD)方法是一个以信号固有特征尺度为度量的时空滤波过程,能充分保留信号本身的非线性和非平稳特征,在信号的滤波和消噪中具有较大的优势。结合EEMD的多尺度滤波特性,提出了一种新的EEMD阈值光谱消噪方法,并应用于新疆塔里木河中游典型绿洲33个土壤剖面反射光谱数据的预处理。为探讨EEMD阈值法在土壤剖面反射光谱消噪中的效用,对EEMD阈值法和小波阈值法的消噪结果进行了对比分析。结果表明：与传统的小波阈值法相比,EEMD阈值法消噪结果的信噪比从14.836 6 dB提高到34.275 7 dB,均方根误差由6.786 1×10-5降到7.240 6×10-6,相关系数从0.982 5提高到0.999 8,EEMD阈值法的三个消噪效果衡量指标均优于小波阈值法。证明了EEMD阈值法可有效地去除土壤剖面光谱噪声,较好地保留了光谱的细节信息,提高了光谱的定量分析精度,且与小波阈值消噪方法相比具有较强的可靠性和自适应优势,作为光谱数据预处理的一种新方法,其应用前景良好。     

Some Weighted Averaging Methods for Gradient Recovery

We propose some new weighted averaging methods for gradient recovery, and present analytical and numerical investigation on the performance of these weighted averaging methods. It is shown analytically that the harmonic averaging yields a superconvergent gradient for any mesh in one-dimension and the rectangular mesh in two-dimension. Numerical results indicate that these new weighted averaging methods are better recovered gradient approaches than the simple averaging and geometry averaging methods under triangular mesh.     

信号肽对OPMA在枯草杆菌中的分泌表达及其催化活性的影响

将编码枯草杆菌BS168的amyE信号肽(S)的基因与编码多功能淀粉酶OPMA-N和OPMA-G的基因重组, 分别构建了分泌表达多功能淀粉酶OPMA-N和OPMA-G的重组载体pMA5-OPMA-SN和pMA5-OPMA-SG, 并分别在枯草杆菌BS168中实现了OPMA-SN和OPMA-SG的有效分泌表达.SDS-PAGE分析表明, 该信号肽的引入提高了异源蛋白的分泌量, OPMA-SN和OPMA-SG的分泌水平(53%和67%)比OPMA-N和OPMA-G(45%和58%)明显提高, 但此信号肽在分泌表达OPMA-N或OPMA-G后不能被有效切除.活力分析表明, OPMA-SN(5.17 U/mg)和OPMA-N(4.57 U/mg)的活力水平与分泌水平一致, 但OPMA-SG(4.50 U/mg)和OPMA-G(4.65 U/mg)的活力水平却与分泌水平呈反相关性.通过分析OPMA-SN和OPMA-SG分子的空间构象发现, 信号肽的存在不影响OPMA-N的活性部位构象, 但影响OPMA-G的活性部位构象, 从而导致OPOMA-G的催化活性下降.     

基于反转恢复技术的水脂分离磁共振成像方法

提出了使用反转恢复技术获得独立的水和脂肪图像的磁共振成像（MRI）方法. 该方法利用水和脂肪T₁值的差异,在施加选择性180°准备脉冲后, 采用不同的反转恢复时间（T_I）2次采集MRI图像,计算出水和脂肪的信号贡献,获得水和脂肪独立的2套图像. 该方法可对水和脂肪进行良好的分离,避免常规水脂分离方法Dixon技术偶发的水-脂互换伪影的产生,同时,可避开相位校正,因此可使计算过程更为简单稳定.     

幂率型非线性粘弹性裂纹尖端场

研究幂率型非线性粘弹性裂纹尖端场．为了推导的需要,首先列出了幂率型硬化材料的HRR奇异场和高阶渐近场．论证了它们实质上是各向同性、不可压缩、幂率型、非线性弹性裂纹尖端场．回颐了求解非线性粘弹性问题的弹性回复对应原理之后,给出了在第一类边界条件下求解幂率型非线性粘弹性材料裂纹问题的对应原理．得到了幂率型非线性粘弹性材料,特别是改性聚丙稀的裂纹尖端应力、应变和位移场的解答．     

Dielectric inserts for sensitivity and RF magnetic field enhancement in NMR volume coils

A method for enhancing the signal to noise ratio (SNR) in NMR volume coils is described. By introducing inserts made of low-loss, high dielectric constant material into specific locations in the coil, the SNR can often be enhanced by up to 20%, while B₁ homogeneity is hardly affected. A model for predicting the limit of the SNR improvement is also presented. The model accurately predicts the SNR gain obtained in both numerical simulations and experiment. An experiment was conducted on a mini-MRI system. Experimental results are in very good agreement with the simulations in regard to both SNR improvement and B₁ enhancement in transmission. Inserts made of ultra high dielectric constant materials can be as thin as few millimeters, thus, conveniently fitting into existing coil-sample gaps in volume coils.     

Matrix formalism and singular-value decomposition for the location of gamma interactions in segmented HPGe detectors

Modern coaxial and planar HPGe detectors allow a precise determination of the energies and trajectories of the impinging gamma-rays. This entails the location of the gamma interactions inside the crystal from the shape of the delivered signals. This paper reviews the state of the art of the analysis of the HPGe response function and proposes methods that lead to optimum signal decomposition. The generic matrix method allows fast location of the interactions even when the induced signals strongly overlap.     

光锥与CCD耦合效率的理论分析

光锥与CCD的耦合技术是研制ICCD图像传感器的关键技术,本文主要从理论上分析并讨论了光锥与CCD耦合器件的耦合效率及其影响因素,进一步分析讨论了耦合效率对耦合器件信噪比的影响.证明了光锥与CCD的耦合效率不仅降低ICCD探测效率而且降低ICCD信噪比,并提出了提高光锥与CCD耦合效率的方法和途径.     

PERVAPORATION OF ETHANOL/WATER MIXTURES WITH HIGH FLUX BY ZEOLITE-FILLED PDMS/PVDF COMPOSITE MEMBRANES

Thin-film zeolite-filled silicone/PVDF composite membranes were fabricated by incorporating zeolite particles into PDMS(poly(dimethylsiloxane)) membranes.The morphology of zeolite particles and zeolite filled silicone composite membranes were characterized by SEM.The zeolite-filled PDMS/PVDF composite membranes were applied for the pervaporation of ethanol/water mixtures and showed higher flux compared with that reported in literatures.The effect of zeolite loading and Si/Al ratio of zeolite particles on...