质押贷款下的贷款价值比的研究

当零售商以仓单质押的模式向银行申请贷款时,如果零售商面临着报童问题,那么零售商的生产经营决策,就会影响到质押物的价格,从而影响到银行的利润.从企业-银行不合作博弈的角度出发,考虑质押物的处理价不高于储存费用的情况下,银行的贷款价值比的确定问题.研究发现,当银行付予物流企业的监管费用高于某一数值时,银行的贷款行为将使其利润为负.     

微波消解顺序注射冷蒸汽原子荧光光谱法测定沉积物中的痕量汞

提出采用密闭微波消解结合顺序注射冷蒸汽原子荧光光谱法快速测定沉积物中痕量汞的新方法。利用10%HCl-50%HNO3-40%H2O和30%HCl-20%HNO3-50%H2O两种消解体系在140℃条件下消解5min,沉积物样品消解完全,且样品消解过程中痕量汞无损失。优化条件下,线性范围0.02～30ng.mL-1,检出限为0.5ng.g-1,RSD为3.7%(n=10)。标准参考物质GSD-2,GSD-9及GSD-10的测定值与推荐值吻合,实际样品加标回收率(91.2±4.3)%～(96.5±4.6)%。本法试剂用量少,快速准确,灵敏度高,线性范围宽,适合沉积物中的痕量汞的测定,有很好的实用价值。     

风险厌恶条件下竞争报童问题的二层规划模型

有效应用数学规划方法研究报童类产品的库存管理,能够降低企业的成本和风险,从而提高企业的经济效益.此类问题的研究,目前主要集中在应用Nash博弈研究竞争报童问题以及零售商所持风险态度对供应链库存水平的影响.试图研究序贯决策下的竞争报童问题模型以及零售商所持风险态度对供应链库存水平的影响.由此建立了二层规划模型.算例表明序贯决策的竞争报童问题中,总订购量随风险厌恶程度的提高而降低.     

Sequence encoding without induction

We show that the universally axiomatized, induction‐free theory $\mathsf {PA}^-$ is a sequential theory in the sense of Pudlák's 5 , in contrast to the closely related Robinson's arithmetic.     

Precise Synthesis of Chiral Z-Allylamides by Cobalt-Catalyzed Asymmetric Sequential Hydrogenations

Asymmetric sequential hydrogenations of conjugated enynes have been developed using a Ph-BPE-Co^I catalyst for the precise synthesis of chiral Z-allylamides in high activity (up to 1000 substrate/catalyst (S/C)) and with excellent enantioselectivity (up to >99 % enantiomeric excess (ee)). Mechanism experiments and theoretical calculations support a cationic Co^I/Co^III redox catalytic cycle. The catalytic activity difference between cobalt complexes of Ph-BPE and QuinoxP* was explained by the process decomposition of rate-determining step in the second hydrogenation.     

A Dual-Metal-Catalyzed Sequential Cascade Reaction in an Engineered Protein Cage**

Herein, we describe the creation of an artificial protein cage housing a dual-metal-tagged guest protein that catalyzes a linear, two-step sequential cascade reaction. The guest protein consists of a fusion protein of HaloTag and monomeric rhizavidin. Inside the protein capsid, we established a ruthenium-catalyzed allylcarbamate deprotection reaction followed by a gold-catalyzed ring-closing hydroamination reaction that led to indoles and phenanthridines with an overall yield of up to 66 % in aqueous solutions. Furthermore, we show that the encapsulation stabilizes the metal catalysts against deactivation by air, proteins and cell lysate.     

Total Synthesis of Lucidumone through Convenient One-pot Preparation of the Tetracyclic Skeleton by Claisen Rearrangement and Subsequent Intramolecular Aldol Reaction

The total synthesis of lucidumone ( 1 ), a Ganoderma meroterpenoid, was accomplished in racemic form from easily prepared 6 and 7 in 10 steps as the longest linear sequence. The synthesis was completed through one-pot preparation of the tetracyclic core skeleton by Claisen rearrangement followed by an intramolecular aldol reaction. The intramolecular aldol reaction allowed for the stereocontrolled construction of the bicyclo [2.2.2] octane skeleton fused to an indanone structure. The enantioselective total synthesis of 1 was also described via a chiral transfer strategy in the Claisen rearrangement.     

Wetting vs Droplet Aggregation: A Broadband Rotational Spectroscopic Study of 3-Methylcatechol⋅⋅⋅Water Clusters

Two competing solvation pathways of 3-methylcatechol (MC), an atmospherically relevant aromatic molecule, with up to five water molecules were explored in detail by using a combination of broadband rotational spectroscopy and computational chemistry. Theoretically, two different pathways of solvation emerge: the commonly observed droplet pathway which involves preferential binding among the water molecules while the solute serves as an anchor point for the formation of a water cluster, and an unexpected wetting pathway which involves interactions between the water molecules and the aromatic face of MC, i.e., a wetting of the π-surface. Conclusive identification of the MC hydrate structures, and therefore the wetting pathway, was facilitated by rotational spectra of the parent MC hydrates and several H₂¹⁸O and ¹³C isotopologues which exhibit splittings associated with methyl internal rotation and/or water tunneling motions. Theoretical modelling and analyses offer insights into the tunneling and conversion barriers associated with the observed hydrate conformers and the nature of the non-covalent interactions involved in choosing the unusual wetting pathway.     

A Universal Formation Mechanism of Hollow Multi-Shelled Structures Dominated by Concentration Waves

Hollow multi-shelled structures (HoMS), a new family of hierarchical nano/micro-structured materials, have evoked intensive studies to discover their unique temporal-spatial ordering features. The theoretical understanding of the general synthetic methods of HoMS, i.e. the sequential templating approach (STA), makes it possible to understand, predict, and control the shell formation process. Herein, a mathematical model is established based on the experiment results, which reveal the appearance of concentration waves in the STA. The numerical simulation results not only correspond well to the experimental observations but also explain the regulation methods. Whereby, the underlying physical essence of STA is elucidated, suggesting that HoMS is the concrete representation of the concentration waves. Thereafter the formation of HoMS is not limited to the solid-gas reactions through high-temperature calcination, but could be extended to solution systems under low-temperature conditions.     

Spatiotemporal Control over Polynucleotide Brush Growth on DNA Origami Nanostructures

DNA nanotechnology provides an approach to create precise, tunable, and biocompatible nanostructures for biomedical applications. However, the stability of these structures is severely compromised in biological milieu due to their fast degradation by nucleases. Recently, we showed how enzymatic polymerization could be harnessed to grow polynucleotide brushes of tunable length and location on the surface of DNA origami nanostructures, which greatly enhances their nuclease stability. Here, we report on strategies that allow for both spatial and temporal control over polymerization through activatable initiation, cleavage, and regeneration of polynucleotide brushes using restriction enzymes. The ability to site-specifically decorate DNA origami nanostructures with polynucleotide brushes in a spatiotemporally controlled way provides access to “smart” functionalized DNA architectures with potential applications in drug delivery and supramolecular assembly.