Effect of random density irregularities on nonlinear evolution of Langmuir waves in interplanetary medium

The evolution of nonlinear Langmuir waves in the interplanetary medium is investigated by appropriately accounting for the random density irregularities of the medium. A pair of modified Zakharov equations, which describe these waves, is solved numerically as an initial value problem for large scale (≫ 10² km) initial pertubations. For an ion acoustic-Langmuir solitary wave, the random irregularities damp the Langmuir wave by way of scattering and let the ion density perturbation radiate away in a few days. However an initial solitary or shock-like Langmuir wave excites the ion density perturbations within a fraction of a second, and then itself gets damped. These effects will strongly decelerate the collapse of large scale Langmuir waves. The possibility of detecting these processes, by means of interplanetary scintillation, is discussed. The authors felicitate Prof. D S Kothari on his eightieth birthday and dedicate this paper to him on this occasion.     

Rate processes on fractals: Theory,simulations, and experiments

Heterogeneous kinetics are shown to differ drastically from homogeneous kinetics. For the elementary reaction A + A products we show that the diffusion-limited reaction rate is proportional tot ^– h[A]² or to [A]^x, whereh=1- d _s/2, X=1+2/d _s =(h-2)(h-1), andd _s is the effective spectral dimension. We note that ford = d _s =1, h =1/2 andX = 3, for percolating clustersd _s = 4/3,h = 1/3 andX = 5/2, while for dust ds <1, 1 >h > 1/2 and >X > 3. Scaling arguments, supercomputer simulations and experiments give a consistent picture. The interplay of energetic and geometric heterogeneity results in fractal-like kinetics and is relevant to excitation fusion experiments in porous membranes, films, and polymeric glasses. However, in isotopic mixed crystals, the geometric fractal nature (percolation clusters) dominates.     

Fast vectorized algorithm for the Monte Carlo simulation of the random field Ising model

An algorithm for the simulation of the 3-dimensional random field Ising model with a binary distribution of the random fields is presented. It uses multi-spin coding and simulates 64 physically different systems simultaneously. On one processor of a Cray YMP it reaches a speed of 184 million spin updates per second. For smaller field strength we present a version of the algorithm that can perform 242 million spin updates per second on the same machine.     

Rigorous results on the thermodynamics of the dilute Hopfield model

We study the Hopfield model of an autoassociative memory on a random graph onN vertices where the probability of two vertices being joined by a link isp(N). Assuming thatp(N) goes to zero more slowly thanO(1/N), we prove the following results: (1) If the number of stored patternsm(N) is small enough such thatm(N)/Np(N) 0, asN, then the free energy of this model converges, upon proper rescaling, to that of the standard Curie-Weiss model, for almost all choices of the random graph and the random patterns. (2) If in additionm(N) < ln N/ln 2, we prove that there exists, forT< 1, a Gibbs measure associated to each original pattern, whereas for higher temperatures the Gibbs measure is unique. The basic technical result in the proofs is a uniform bound on the difference between the Hamiltonian on a random graph and its mean value.     

基于多层次特征的跨场景服装检索

针对跨场景服装检索如何提取更有表述力的服装特征问题,提出了一种新的基于高层公共特征约束的相似性度量算法。首先,通过类别空间学习提取不同场景域的类别信息;然后,在场景域空间网络用类别信息约束传统对比损失函数,增大对类间负样本对的惩罚以减轻过拟合;最后,融合类别公共特征和域特定特征并通过类别判断进行辅助检索。分析和实验结果表明,新算法对跨场景服装检索的准确度要优于当前前沿的方法。     

Moment equations for a spatially extended system of two competing species

The dynamics of a spatially extended system of two competing species in the presence of two noise sources is studied. A correlated dichotomous noise acts on the interaction parameter and a multiplicative white noise affects directly the dynamics of the two species. To describe the spatial distribution of the species we use a model based on Lotka-Volterra (LV) equations. By writing them in a mean field form, the corresponding moment equations for the species concentrations are obtained in Gaussian approximation. In this formalism the system dynamics is analyzed for different values of the multiplicative noise intensity. Finally by comparing these results with those obtained by direct simulations of the time discrete version of LV equations, that is coupled map lattice (CML) model, we conclude that the anticorrelated oscillations of the species densities are strictly related to non-overlapping spatial patterns.     

A new comprehensive study of the 3D random-field Ising model via sampling the density of states in dominant energy subspaces

The three-dimensional bimodal random-field Ising model is studied via a new finite temperature numerical approach. The methods of Wang-Landau sampling and broad histogram are implemented in a unified algorithm by using the N-fold version of the Wang-Landau algorithm. The simulations are performed in dominant energy subspaces, determined by the recently developed critical minimum energy subspace technique. The random-fields are obtained from a bimodal distribution, that is we consider the discrete (±Δ) case and the model is studied on cubic lattices with sizes 4≤L ≤20. In order to extract information for the relevant probability distributions of the specific heat and susceptibility peaks, large samples of random-field realizations are generated. The general aspects of the model's scaling behavior are discussed and the process of averaging finite-size anomalies in random systems is re-examined under the prism of the lack of self-averaging of the specific heat and susceptibility of the model.     

A voltage-controlled chaotic oscillator based on carbon nanotube field-effect transistor for low-power embedded systems

This paper presents a compact and low-power-based discrete-time chaotic oscillator based on a carbon nanotube field-effect transistor implemented using Wong and Deng＇s well-known model. The chaotic circuit is composed of a nonlinear circuit that creates an adjustable chaos map, two sample and hold cells for capture and delay functions, and a voltage shifter that works as a buffer and adjusts the output voltage for feedback. The operation of the chaotic circuit is verified with the SPICE software package, which uses a supply voltage of 0.9 V at a frequency of 20 kHz. The time series, frequency spectra, transitions in phase space, sensitivity with the initial condition diagrams, and bifurcation phenomena are presented. The main advantage of this circuit is that its chaotic signal can be generated while dissipating approximately 7.8 μW of power, making it suitable for embedded systems where many chaos-signal generators are required on a single chip.     

基于算术-几何均值距离的多模态图像配准

根据图像灰度联合概率分布函数与图像相似程度之间的关系,提出了一种基于算术 几何均值距离的多模态图像配准新测度。与基于信息论的测度不同,新测度不再要求概率分布必须满足连续性的要求。实验结果表明,所提出的新测度比基于信息论的测度具有更强的噪声鲁棒性和计算量更小。     

Random walk on distant mesh points Monte Carlo methods

A new technique for obtaining Monte Carlo algorithms based on the Markov chains with a finite number of states is suggested. Instead of the classical random walk on neighboring mesh points, a general way of constructing Monte Carlo algorithms that could be called random walk on distant mesh points is considered. It is applied to solve boundary value problems. The numerical examples indicate that the new methods are less laborious and therefore more efficient.In conclusion, we mention that all Monte Carlo algorithms are parallel and could be easily realized on parallel computers.