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利用有限元仿真软件ANSYS Workbench,结合反应谱法对ITER极向场变流器外旁通设备进行了地震分析。具体分析了在ITER提供的设计地震频谱下,外旁通结构所受的最大等效应力、方向位移以及固定支撑位置的反作用力。分析结果表明,外旁通最大等效应力不超过8.3MPa,最大方向位移不超过2.6mm。以上数据表明,外旁通结构能够满足抗震要求。     

Anisotropy of Seismic Attenuation in Fractured Media: Theory and Ultrasonic Experiment

This is a study on anisotropy of seismic attenuation in a transversely isotropic (TI) model, which is a long-wavelength equivalent of an isotropic medium with embedded parallel fractures. The model is based on Schoenberg’s linear-slip theory. Attenuation is introduced by means of a complex-valued stiffness matrix, which includes complex-valued normal and tangential weaknesses. To study the peculiarities of seismic attenuation versus wave-propagation direction in TI media, numerical modeling was performed. The model-input data were the complex-valued weaknesses found from the laboratory ultrasonic experiment made with a Plexiglas plate-stack model, oil-saturated (wet) and air-filled (dry). The laboratory experiment and the numerical modeling have shown that in the vicinity of the symmetry axis, in the wet model, P-wave attenuation is close to S-wave attenuation, while in the dry model, P-wave attenuation is much greater than S-wave attenuation. Moreover, the fluid fill affects the P-wave attenuation pattern. In the dry (air-saturated) model, the attenuation pattern in the vicinity of the symmetry axis exhibits steeper slope and curvature than in the wet (oil-saturated) model. To define the slope or the curvature, a QVO gradient was introduced, which was found to be proportional to the symmetry-axis Q _S/Q _P-ratio, which explains the differences between dry and wet models. Thus, depending on the Q _S/Q _P-ratio, the QVO gradient can serve as an indicator of the type of fluid in fractures, because the QVO gradient is greater in gas-saturated than in liquid-saturated rocks. The analysis of P-wave attenuation anisotropy in seismic reflection and vertical seismic profiling data can be useful in seismic exploration for distinguishing gas from water in fractures.     

地震纵横波时差耦合作用的斜坡崩滑效应研究

在燃烧室入口来流为Ma=2.64、T0=1483K、P0＝1.65MPa、T=724K、P=76.3kPa条件下,采用高速摄影和连续激光高速纹影对等截面型开窗燃烧室内氢气射流自燃过程、火花塞点燃氢气过程和引导氢气火焰点燃煤油过程进行了观测,获得了燃烧室内着火过程中火焰和流场波系结构的动态演化过程;观察到了初始火焰区首先起始于燃烧室下游,并逆流传播实现发动机着火的过程;分析表明燃料能否着火、以及着火位置与燃料着火时间、燃烧室流速和火焰稳定器安装情况相关,多火焰稳定区延长了燃料驻留时间,使燃料更容易着火。 关键词 超燃冲压发动机,点火过程,火焰传播,火焰稳定器     

Possible relationship between Seismic Electric Signals (SES) lead time and earthquake stress drop

Stress drop values for fourteen large earthquakes with M(W)> or =5.4 which occurred in Greece during the period 1983-2007 are available. All these earthquakes were preceded by Seismic Electric Signals (SES). An attempt has been made to investigate possible correlation between their stress drop values and the corresponding SES lead times. For the stress drop, we considered the Brune stress drop, Deltasigma(B), estimated from far field body wave displacement source spectra and Deltasigma(SB) derived from the strong motion acceleration response spectra. The results show a relation may exist between Brune stress drop, Deltasigma(B), and lead time which implies that earthquakes with higher stress drop values are preceded by SES with shorter lead time.     

雅砻江锦屏水电工程区域稳定性探讨

从地震地质的观点出发,探讨流域的地震稳定性,着眼于锦屏一级、二级水电站枢纽区的地震地质条件、历史地震情况,强震带的分布与地震活动情况,进一步讨论锦屏水电工程的区域稳定性。分析了施工期间横跨锦屏山的2条锦屏辅助交通洞施工揭露的锦屏山断裂与锦屏一级坝址区地下洞室和边坡开挖揭示的f13、f14、f5、f8及F1断层,其性状未超出预期,无新构造活动迹象,锦屏一级、锦屏二级水电站区域稳定。     

用于岩体质量评价的地震波Q值计算方法

利用地震记录中的衰减信息(波形与频谱)计算岩体的品质因子(Q值),对岩体质量进行准确评价,典型的方法有振幅法、上升时间法、频谱比法、质心频率偏移法。本文介绍了这些方法的原理,并对它们的稳定性、适用情况做出了评价。     

剪切波速判别地震液化势的适用性研究

本文阐述了剪切波速判别地震液化势的可行性, 对目前国内外各种剪切波速判别地震液化势的方法进行了分析对比, 指出公式(6)是一实用、可靠的判别方法。     

地下工程软弱岩体围岩结构的地震探测技术

控制地下工程软弱岩体特征的一个重要前提是围岩工程地质条件评价以及围岩的地质结构的定量认识,而目前软岩巷道支护难的主要原因是对巷道工程地质条件和围岩结构认识不清、支护对象不明确。基于以上分析,本文以显德汪矿主运输巷道为试验研究对象,采用地震技术对软弱岩体围岩结构进行了全断面探测,实现了岩体结构的空间定位和精确探测,进而为支护形式和支护参数的选择提供了直观可靠的工程地质依据。     

非水平海底情况下海底地震波时域有限差分数值模拟

为分析浅海非水平海底地形下甚低频声波激发海底地震波场波动成分, 阐明海底地形变化对水中声源所激发海底地震波场的影响规律, 开展了理论建模与数值仿真研究。基于时域有限元法, 在柱坐标系下推导并建立了一种浅海水体/海底全波导下的声场计算模型, 结合仿真算例讨论了上坡海底、下坡海底、海底山三类典型非水平海底地形对海底地震波场成分的影响规律及机理。研究结果表明, 利用时域有限元方法可以准确计算浅海各类非水平海底地形下的地震波场; 水中声源所激发海底地震波场包含水中声波、海底界面波、海底纵波、海底横波4个波系; 与理想水平海底相比, 上坡海底会加速声能量的衰减, 且坡度越大, 声波远距离传播时向海底泄漏的越多, 声能量衰减越大。而下坡海底的波场变化则相反, 海底山的存在使得部分声波发生反射及透射到海底的现象, 声能量衰减程度增加。