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61.
María Angeles Gil 《Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics》1992,44(3):451-462
In previous papers, the consequences of the “presence of fuzziness” in the experimental information on which statistical inferences are based were discussed. Thus, the intuitive assertion «fuzziness entails a loss of information» was formalized, by comparing the information in the “exact case” with that in the “fuzzy case”. This comparison was carried out through different criteria to compare experiments (in particular, that based on the “pattern” one, Blackwell's sufficiency criterion). Our purpose now is slightly different, in the sense that we try to compare two “fuzzy cases”. More precisely, the question we are interested in is the following: how will different “degrees of fuzziness” in the experimental information affect the sufficiency? In this paper, a study of this question is carried out by constructing an alternative criterion (equivalent to sufficiency under comparability conditions), but whose interpretation is more intuitive in the fuzzy case. The study is first developed for Bernoulli experiments, and the coherence with the axiomatic requirements for measures of fuzziness is also analyzed in such a situation. Then it is generalized to other random experiments and a simple example is examined. 相似文献
62.
Hirotugu Akaike 《Statistics & probability letters》1982,1(2):75-78
By using the direct and inverse binomial experiments it is shown that there is a situation where Birnbaum's basic axiom of mathematical equivalence and the likelihood principle is a tautology. This observation disqualifies Birnbaum's proof of the likelihood principle based on the axioms of mathematical equivalence and conditionality. The implication of this disproof of Birnbaum's argument for Bayesian statistics is briefly discussed. 相似文献
63.
H.L. Krall and I.M. Sheffer considered the problem of classifying certain second-order partial differential equations having an algebraically complete, weak orthogonal bivariate polynomial system of solutions. Two of the equations that they considered are
(x2+y)uxx+2xyuxy+y2uyy+gxux+g(y−1)uy=λu, 相似文献
64.
65.
By using the Z
p
geometrical index theory, some sufficient conditions on the multiplicity results of periodic solutions to the second-order difference equations
are obtained. By two examples, we show that our results are the best possible in the sense that the lower bound of the number of periodic solutions cannot be improved. 相似文献
66.
67.
Gael M. Martin Brendan P. M. McCabe David T. Frazier Worapree Maneesoonthorn Christian P. Robert 《Journal of computational and graphical statistics》2013,22(3):508-522
A computationally simple approach to inference in state space models is proposed, using approximate Bayesian computation (ABC). ABC avoids evaluation of an intractable likelihood by matching summary statistics for the observed data with statistics computed from data simulated from the true process, based on parameter draws from the prior. Draws that produce a “match” between observed and simulated summaries are retained, and used to estimate the inaccessible posterior. With no reduction to a low-dimensional set ofsufficient statistics being possible in the state space setting, we define the summaries as the maximum of an auxiliary likelihood function, and thereby exploit the asymptotic sufficiency of this estimator for the auxiliary parameter vector. We derive conditions under which this approach—including a computationally efficient version based on the auxiliary score—achieves Bayesian consistency. To reduce the well-documented inaccuracy of ABC in multiparameter settings, we propose the separate treatment of each parameter dimension using an integrated likelihood technique. Three stochastic volatility models for which exact Bayesian inference is either computationally challenging, or infeasible, are used for illustration. We demonstrate that our approach compares favorably against an extensive set of approximate and exact comparators. An empirical illustration completes the article. Supplementary materials for this article are available online. 相似文献
68.
We consider the problem of nonparametric estimation of unknown smooth functions in the presence of restrictions on the shape of the estimator and on its support using polynomial splines. We provide a general computational framework that treats these estimation problems in a unified manner, without the limitations of the existing methods. Applications of our approach include computing optimal spline estimators for regression, density estimation, and arrival rate estimation problems in the presence of various shape constraints. Our approach can also handle multiple simultaneous shape constraints. The approach is based on a characterization of nonnegative polynomials that leads to semidefinite programming (SDP) and second-order cone programming (SOCP) formulations of the problems. These formulations extend and generalize a number of previous approaches in the literature, including those with piecewise linear and B-spline estimators. We also consider a simpler approach in which nonnegative splines are approximated by splines whose pieces are polynomials with nonnegative coefficients in a nonnegative basis. A condition is presented to test whether a given nonnegative basis gives rise to a spline cone that is dense in the space of nonnegative continuous functions. The optimization models formulated in the article are solvable with minimal running time using off-the-shelf software. We provide numerical illustrations for density estimation and regression problems. These examples show that the proposed approach requires minimal computational time, and that the estimators obtained using our approach often match and frequently outperform kernel methods and spline smoothing without shape constraints. Supplementary materials for this article are provided online. 相似文献
69.
70.
A.C. Peterson Y.N. Raffoul † C.C. Tisdell ‡ 《Journal of Difference Equations and Applications》2013,19(9):843-849
This work formulates existence theorems for solutions to three-point boundary value problems on time scales. The ideas are based on a relationship between the three point boundary conditions, lower and upper solutions and topological degree theory. 相似文献