平面摇摆式抛光去除模型研究

为了完善平面摇摆式抛光的理论并指导加工,基于Preston方程建立了平面摇摆式加工的去除模型,并使用该模型在Matlab中仿真计算元件上各点在不同加工参数情况下的去除量,最终得到不同加工参数情况下所产生的不同去除形貌。通过控制不同参数在430mm×430mm平面石英元件上进行抛光实验,验证去除模型的正确性,对比相同参数下仿真得到的去除形貌和加工后检测得到的面形图可知该去除模型能够正确预测不同加工参数时的去除量,从而证实了该模型能够准确、有效地指导摇摆式抛光。     

Dyakonov-Tamm waves guided by a phase-twist combination defect in a sculptured nematic thin film

The propagation of Dyakonov-Tamm waves guided by a phase-twist combination defect in a sculptured nematic thin film (SNTF) was studied theoretically by numerical solution of a dispersion equation. The phase defect was fixed at 180°, whereas the twist defect was kept variable as also the direction of propagation. Multiple Dyakonov-Tamm waves that differ in spatial profile, degree of localization, and phase speed were found to propagate guided by the combination defect, depending on the angle between the morphologically significant planes of the SNTF on either side of the defect as well as on the direction of propagation. The most strongly localized Dyakonov-Tamm waves turned out to be essentially confined within one structural period of the SNTF normal to the combination defect.     

基于SVD的超精密工件自寻位加工算法能力评价

为进一步改善超精密表面修形的最终精度、效率与成本,优化超精密自寻位加工的工艺方向与工艺决策过程, 开展了对超精密工件的自寻位加工算法点云融合过程的定量评价研究,提出了基于SVD的自寻位加工算法能力评价方法。首先基于运动学方法建立了点云融合的矩阵表示,分别对平动、转动、复合运动等情况建立了自寻位结果的转换矩阵表示,获得自寻位点云融合转换矩阵;进而对转换矩阵进行奇异值分解得到转换矩阵的奇异值列表;最后将列表中最大奇异值用以表征自寻位加工算法的能力。通过对某型超精密叶片在平动、转动和复合运动、共计1078组自由放置状态进行分析,发现所提出的评价指标在独立平动和独立转动两种任意放置情况下能够正确地表征自寻位加工算法的工艺能力。对于独立平动情况,自寻位加工算法能够正常定位加工,其最大奇异值也与预设偏差较小;对于独立转动情况,当旋转角度小于45°时,均能够正确地进行自寻位加工,最大奇异值差值也趋近于零,旋转角度超过45°时,算法的自寻位加工能力恶化,这一特性能够被所提指标正确捕捉。对于由平动和转动构成的复合运动而言,所提指标显示约35%的情况能够正确进行自寻位加工,其余情况无法进行正确的自寻位加工。结果表明本文所提方法建立的指标能够正确表征自寻位加工算法能力。     

Computer simulation of two-dimensional electrolyte flow in electrochemical machining

A mathematical model and a method for numerical modeling of two-dimensional electrolyte flow in the interelectrode gap during electrochemical machining (ECM) are presented. Programs for modeling electrolyte flow and observing the distribution of ECM parameters are designed. The modeling results are compared with experimental data on continuous ECM and ECM with a vibrating tool.Translated from Elektrokhimiya, Vol. 41, No. 1, 2005, pp. 102–110.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Dabrowski, Paczkowski.     

数控加工刀具运动的优化控制

数控加工的精准性与高速性主要体现在加工路径的插补与加工过程中刀具的速度控制.首先针对数控加工过程中常见的折线轨迹进行分析,提出了折线加工转角处的速度平滑过渡方案,保证加工精度的同时提高加工效率.进一步,得出了转角处的最大加工速度与加工误差关系.针对圆弧类曲线插补问题,在折线模型的基础上拓展了内接和外切两种插补方案.计算结果表明,采用折线平滑过渡时,外切插补方案可以保证更高的精度.     

纳米α-Al2O3磨料抛光单晶硅片光滑表面的形成机理

"将纳米α-Al2O3粉体配制成抛光液并冷冻成冰结抛光垫对单晶硅片进行了抛光,用原子力显微镜观察了抛光表面的微观形貌并测量了其表面粗糙度,采用透射电镜观察了单晶硅片抛光后的断面形貌．为进一步分析抛光过程中的化学作用机理,采用X射线光电子能谱分析了单晶硅片抛光后表面的化学成分．利用纳米压痕仪的划痕附件对单晶硅片进行了划痕测试,研究了抛光过程中的机械作用机理．结果表明纳米α-Al2O3磨料冰冻抛光单晶硅片时,在1 mm￡1 mm的范围内得到了微观表面粗糙度为0.367 nm的超光滑表面,亚表面没有任何损伤,材     

Generation of spectral holes by inserting central structurally chiral layer defects in periodic structurally chiral materials

The insertion of a structurally chiral layer defect between two identical chiral mirrors, made of periodic structurally chiral materials such as chiral liquid crystals and chiral sculptured thin films, generates two different types of spectral holes, depending on the thicknesses of the chiral mirrors and the central layer defect.     

Net shape manufacturing and the performance of polymer composites under dynamic loads

An experimental investigation was conducted to determine the influence of postmold trimming and resultant edge quality on the performance of fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP) under dynamic loads. Graphite/epoxy and graphite/bismaleimide laminates were machined using three state-of-the-art industrial techniques and subjected to three-point bend impact to failure. The load load-line displacement records were used to obtain the load, bend deflection and energy absorbed to fracture. High-speed photography was also employed to identify the initiation and progression of failure and record the time dependent fracture process. From a comparison of edge quality and subsequent material performance for both polymeric composites, it was found that the impact response of FRPs is highly process dependent. In general, the load and energy absorbed to fracture decreases with increasing surface roughness. Reductions in the load and energy to the onset of fracture with degrading surface quality were as high as 20 percent. The dynamic response was also found to be dependent on the constituents, stacking sequence and impact velocity.     

Subsurface defect evolution and crystal-structure transformation of single-crystal copper in nanoscale combined machining

ABSTRACT

In the paper, molecular dynamics simulation is applied to study the evolution and distribution of subsurface defects during nanoscale machining process of single-crystal copper. The chip-removal mechanism and the machined-surface-generative mechanism are examined through analysis of the dislocation evolution and atomic migration of the workpieces. The findings show that under different stresses and temperatures, the difference of the binding energy leads to a zoned phenomenon in the chip. Owing to elastic deformation, some of the dislocations could be recovered and form surface steps; moreover, the work hardening of the workpiece can be achieved on account of generation of twin boundaries, Lomer-Cottrell dislocations, and stacking fault tetrahedra (SFT) by plastic deformation. A process of evolution of an immobile dislocation group containing stair-rod dislocations into SFT is discovered, which is different from the traditional Silcox-Hirsch mechanism. Furthermore, a growth oscillation phenomenon, which corresponding stacking fault planes growth and retraction during the formation of the stable SFT, is discussed.     

高精度干涉仪针孔空间滤波器研制

应用于高重复频率、高功率193 nm准分子激光器会聚光路中的针孔空间滤波器,除了需要考虑它的材料加工难易、厚度、针孔尺寸等因素外,还需考虑材料抗激光损伤特性。本文利用激光损伤理论中一维热流模型对无限厚和有限厚不同金属样品在高峰值功率193 nm 准分子激光器照射下的损伤阈值进行了分析。结果表明：铝材料在厚度为1.2μm处比其它金属的损伤阈值高,可达1.16×1010 W/cm2,且材料易于加工。利用聚焦离子束技术加工了航空铝材料样品,得到了厚度为1.2和1.5μm的针孔空间滤波器样品。扫描电镜观察其具有较好圆度和内壁粗糙度,基本满足剪切干涉仪对针孔空间滤波器的需求。