Utilization of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling in Pharmacokinetic Study of Natural Medicine: An Overview

Natural medicine has been widely used for clinical treatment and health care in many countries and regions. Additionally, extracting active ingredients from traditional Chinese medicine and other natural plants, defining their chemical structure and pharmacological effects, and screening potential druggable candidates are also uprising directions in new drug research and development. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling is a mathematical modeling technique that simulates the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of drugs in various tissues and organs in vivo based on physiological and anatomical characteristics and physicochemical properties. PBPK modeling in drug research and development has gradually been recognized by regulatory authorities in recent years, including the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. This review summarizes the general situation and shortcomings of the current research on the pharmacokinetics of natural medicine and introduces the concept and the advantages of the PBPK model in the study of pharmacokinetics of natural medicine. Finally, the pharmacokinetic studies of natural medicine using the PBPK models are summed up, followed by discussions on the applications of PBPK modeling to the enzyme-mediated pharmacokinetic changes, special populations, new drug research and development, and new indication adding for natural medicine. This paper aims to provide a novel strategy for the preclinical research and clinical use of natural medicine.     

加卸载响应比理论在地质灾害预测领域的研究进展

加卸载响应比理论在非线性系统稳定性预测研究中已取得了长足的进展. 在分析加卸载响应比理论内涵的基础上,对加卸载响应比理论自身及其在地震和滑坡预测领域的研究现状进行综述,总结了其在应用中存在的不足之处,指出加卸载响应比理论研究与应用的发展趋势. 并就该理论的两个新进展进行分析,对促进该理论的发展具有一定的参考和借鉴意义.     

在工程流体力学教学中引入CFD工程案例的探讨

在长期的工程流体力学教学过程中,发现学生对这门课普遍存在畏难情绪,对复杂的理论知识掌握困难.考虑到工程流体力学的研究方法分为理论分析方法,实验方法和数值方法,而其中数值方法在传统教学中应用的较少,所以试图通过适当增加数值方法的应用来改善教学效果.随着本科生对计算机应用能力的增强以及知识面的逐渐扩展,本文提出增加结合专业背景,理论知识及软件应用的综合案例以满足当前课程及学生发展的需求.     

双微波馈入热阴极微波电子枪实验研究

中国工程物理研究院紧凑型自由电子激光太赫兹源装置采用了两路微波独立调谐热阴极微波电子枪作为注入器,一路由首腔馈入激励首腔和实现阴极表面建场并引出电子,另一路由后续腔馈入并通过腔间耦合激励各腔,两路微波互不耦合。对于这种微波激励方式,微波电子枪首腔的电场相位和幅度在实验中均可调节,因此可以通过实验研究来优化微波电子枪的工作参数,从而减小热阴极微波电子枪的电子反轰效应,提高束流品质。介绍了该热阴极微波电子枪热测实验研究的最新结果,通过BCT测得微波电子枪出口处束流强度超过400 mA,电子反轰效应随着首腔电场的相位和幅度调节发生显著变化,这些指标和实验现象与理论研究结果较为吻合。     

Multi-Sensor Scheduling Method Based on Joint Risk Assessment with Variable Weight

In multi-sensor cooperative detection systems, to reduce target threat risk caused by attack tasks and target loss risk induced by uncertain environmental factors, this paper proposes a multi-sensor scheduling method based on joint risk assessment with variable weight. Firstly, considering the target state and prior expert experience of sensor scheduling, this paper gives a new scheme of target threat risk. Then, by combining the given target threat risk and the target loss risk, this paper constructs a joint risk model to meet the diversity of risk assessment. Secondly, a variable-weighted joint risk assessment model is given based on the adaptive weight of target loss risk and target threat risk, and the optimization problem of multi-sensor scheduling is described to minimize the multi-step prediction of the variable-weighted joint risk model. Finally, this paper relaxes above the non-convex optimization problem as a subconvex problem and designs the scheme of multi-sensor scheduling, improving the rapidity and optimization of the sensor scheduling solution. The simulation results show that the proposed method can adaptively schedule sensors and accurately track targets by using minimum sensor resources.     

热稳定性混合生长型聚晶金刚石研制

本文在分析国内外钻探用聚晶金刚石应用及性能基础上,研制开发耐高温界面生长型聚晶金刚石,采用0.05钴片或钴铁片(5;铁)扩散工艺,对工艺组装制备及合成工艺条件进行详细分析论证,建立一种界面生长型聚晶金刚石合成工艺,由于采用强酸处理方法去除残余金属钴存在处理不彻底及对性能影响大缺陷,通过分析国内外聚晶热稳定性基础上,得出生长型聚晶晶间结构即Co存在状态是提高热稳定性关键,通过降低进入聚晶金属Co含量和改变晶间物相及组成,即主要是改变金属Co存在状态,加入适量金属Ti、W,在扩散生长同时生成新的固溶体-硬质合金,即TiC-Co、 WC-TiC-Co固溶体,从而改变聚晶显微组织中残留Co存在状态,并对样品进行电镜扫描、电子探针分析、转靶X射线衍射分析等分析,研究证明其结构基本是D-D键结合的高晶体,晶粒金刚石之间是D-D键错综连接形成多孔网状结构,产品具有高自锐性和热稳定性,热稳定达到1473K.最后对生长机理进行初步分析,并提出界面生长机理.     

X射线光电子能谱在材料研究中的应用

X射线光电子能谱(XPS)在材料科学与工程的许多领域中有着广泛的用途.本文将讨论XPS在材料研究的三个方面的应用,即材料表面改性、固体-固体界面体系及材料与环境的相互作用.我们将引用一些具体的例子来说明XPS的应用价值及其研究方法.所讨论的例子将涉及聚合物和氧化物材料的表面改性、化学及物理气相淀积、粘接界面断裂机制、腐蚀及摩擦等领域.     

基于高储能密度电容退化数据的可靠性评估

 根据强激光能源模块高储能密度电容器在工作过程中,受到连续冲击而使退化失效具有累积效应的特点,提出了利用产品运行过程中性能参数退化的信息,用复合Poisson过程对退化轨道建模并进行可靠性评估的方法。给出了模型参数的矩估计和电容器的平均退化量、可靠度、平均寿命等可靠性指标评估的Bootstrap仿真过程。并通过实例说明了该评估方法在工程中的应用。基于电容退化信息的可靠性评估方法,可以在极少甚至没有寿命数据的情况下给出客观可信的评估结果,在理论和应用上都具有重要的价值。     

大学物理实验考核方式评价

结合多年的实践教学经验,对大学物理实验课程的考核内容、考核方式、不同考核方式的优缺点进行了概述,为相关教学研究人员选择物理实验考核方式提供了参考。     

300MW锅炉汽包接管角焊缝缺陷安全评定

运用我国“压力容器缺陷评定规范”CVDA-1984及英国“Guide on methods for assessing the acceptability of flaws in metallic structures”BS7910-1999,对300MW锅炉汽包接管缺陷安全性进行评定。汽包接管缺陷评定所需的汽包各运行工况温度场、应力场,通过有限元计算获得。评定结果表明：在设计工况下的30年服役期内,该锅炉汽包接管现有缺陷不会引发一次性脆性断裂,汽包现有缺陷扩展不会对安全运行构成威胁,汽包现有缺陷可不进行返修处理而继续安全运行。