试论徐光宪的科学思想与科学方法

徐光宪对科学理论合理性的评价是从理论概念与物质结构要素的对应、科学理论解释性的强弱等方面进行的。他认为化学学科有独特性,化学反应以及与化学反应相关的分子结构与性质研究,是化学独特的研究对象与问题领域,化学在该领域形成了自己的理论,并不能被还原为物理学。徐光宪用自己的多维分类法对知识进行分类,提出分类的目的是为了做出发现,在研究中亦利用分类进行思维和方法创新。用数学化的方法实现化学研究的精确性,借用模型抽象理论、简化研究程序,综合使用多种仪器设备、将旧仪器引入新领域、拓展仪器的功能,徐光宪为自己的研究需要改进和发明新工具的同时,还为其它研究者提供了便捷有效的工具。     

Power-law decay of the view times of scientific courses on YouTube

The temporal power-law decay is one class of interesting decay processes, usually indicating a long-time correlation and benefiting for a system to perform functions in various time-scales. In this work, I collect the data of the view times versus lectures of some scientific courses on YouTube, according to some special principles. These data can reflect the dynamical property of the spontaneous learning behavior, influenced by the decay of learning interest. The view times versus lectures show an obviously power-law decay process. The power approximates to 1, a universal constant. This finding brings the learning process into the interesting power-law family. It will be of interest in the fields of the human dynamics, psychology and education.     

厦门大学"化学学科拔尖学生培养试验计划"学生科研能力培养的探索与思考

介绍了厦门大学化学拔尖学生培养试验计划学生科研训练开展情况,并结合问卷调查,通过数据对比分析,探索如何培养高层次创新人才的科研兴趣、素养和能力。     

非化学专业有机化学实验教学中对学生科研思维的培养

研究型大学对学生科研思维的培养至关重要,有机化学实验作为近化学专业类学生重要的基础实验课程,对学生操作技能、创新能力和科研思维培养有重要作用。本文以非化学专业本科生有机化学实验"大学化学实验(O)"的教学实践为例,从学生学习方式、教师教学方法、实验教学内容设置等方面阐述如何在教学过程中完成对学生科研思维的培养。     

锂电诺奖与科学精神

2019年诺贝尔化学奖授予了约翰·古迪纳夫、斯坦利·惠廷厄姆和吉野彰三位科学家,以表彰他们在锂离子电池领域做出的重要贡献。经过40余年的发展,锂离子电池已经被广泛应用于人类生产、生活的方方面面,这离不开全世界千千万万科技工作者的创造、探索和实践。本文结合此次锂电诺奖特别是古迪纳夫教授的故事,阐述创新、求实、交叉、合作的科学精神及其对科学研究和人才培养的重要性。     

Need for quality management in research and development

 There is growing interest in setting up a general concept for quality management and quality control in research and development, which in this case means, for example, research in the fields of medicine and social sciences. This article is a strong plea for a quality management system in all fields of research and development and will probably initiate broad discussion on this delicate topic. Received: 28 June 1998 · Accepted: 13 July 1998     

从区域化探样品分析质量管理谈科技术语规范化

以区域化探样品分析质量管理工作为例，说明科技术语规范化的必要性，并提出科技语规范化应遵循的规则。     

将科研软件融入化学实验与理论教学

The imbalance between teaching and learning, because of individual difference and the simplicity of teaching, can lead to interest losing on study, which will hinder the further learning. Here, based on the course content, certain scientific software are introduced in chemical laboratory lesson before and after class, thus, students can understand the experimental phenomena with the assistant of this teaching approach. Then laboratory lesson is connected with theory lessons to demonstrate the compounds they synthesized during experiment through a scientific software. The design helps the students understand the role of the software in judging and solving scientific issues. At last, the teaching practice is summarized and reconsidered to point out the essentials in the designing process.     

Engaging Early-Career Scientists in Global Policy-Making

Pressing global challenges, such as climate change, the COVID-19 pandemic, or antibiotic resistance, require coordinated international responses guided by evidence-informed decisions. For this purpose, it is critical that scientists engage in providing insights during the decision-making process. However, the mechanisms for the engagement of scientists in policy-making are complex and vary internationally, which often poses significant challenges to their involvement. Herein, we address some of the mechanisms and barriers for scientists to engage in policy-making with a global perspective by early-career scientists. We highlight the importance of scientific academies, societies, universities, and early-career networks as stakeholders and how they can adapt their structures to actively contribute to shaping global policies, with representative examples from chemistry-related disciplines. We showcase the importance of raising awareness, providing resources and training, and leading discussions about connecting emerging scientists with global decision-makers to address societal challenges through policies.