The limitimg behaviour of the well width of a quantum two-dimensional metal–insulator transition

Metal–Insulator transition using an exact two-dimensional (2D) dielectric function is investigated for a shallow donor in an isolated well of a GaAs/Ga_1−xAl_sAs superlattice system within the effective mass approximation. Vanishing of the donor ionization energy as a function of well width and the donor concentration suggests that a phase transition is not possible even below a well width of 10 Å, supporting the scaling theory of localization. The effects of Anderson localization, exchange and correlation in the Hubbard model are included in a simple way. The relationship between the present model and the Mott criterion in terms of Hubbard model is also brought out. The critical concentration appears to be enhanced when a random distribution of impurities is considered. The limiting behaviour of the well width for a quantum 2D well is brought out. A simple expression is derived for a Mott constant in 2D, a*N_c^1/2 exp (9.86 exp (−L/a*))=0.123, where N_c is the critical concentration per area. Results are compared with the existing data available and discussed in the light of existing literature.     

论工程地质模型——涵义、意义、建模与应用

本文重点论述了工程地质模型。阐明了工程地质模型的概念与涵义、阐述了建模的依据与方法；探讨了其应用的范畴与要点；尤其充分论述了工程地质模型的学科意义与深远影响。工程地质模型是条件研究的归宿, 是分析、计算与评论的基础。     

Scaling effect on the tensile properties of [±45/0/±45/0/±45] Polypropylene/Twaron laminates

The effects of scaling on the mechanical response under tension of balanced nonsymmetrical laminates were investigated for a thermoplastic composite: Polypropylene reinforced with Twaron^® fibers. The composite baseline was an 8-ply laminate which consisted of unidirectional plies arranged in the sequence [±45/0/±45/0/±45]. The influence of specimen size on the tensile properties was studied for one (thickness), two (in-plane) and three (volume) dimensional scaling. The stress-strain curves suggested some variation in laminate behavior owing to the dimensional scaling; nevertheless, a further analysis with the classical lamination theory demonstrated that the observed effect was due to small variations in the fiber volume fraction of the laminates. It was concluded that the mechanical properties of these thermoplastic laminates do not exhibit scaling effects. The failure mechanism of the laminates was studied at macroscopic level; a scale effect of the fracture mechanism was observed.     

Noise radiated by a non-isothermal, temporal mixing layer

The ability of Lighthill's analogy to predict the sound radiated by a transitional mixing layer is evaluated by means of direct numerical simulation (DNS). The specific case of low Mach number flows with density variations is investigated. In order to limit the global computational cost, the acoustic source information is based on numerical results where the sound waves have been removed. It is shown that the low Mach number approximation coupled with the acoustic analogy can lead to very accurate predictions for the radiated sound if the acoustic sources in Lighthill's equation are taken into account carefully. Results for the acoustic intensity deduced from a repeated use of the Lighthill's analogy over a wide range of Mach numbers allow us to discuss the adequacy of scaling laws proposed by previous authors (J. Sound Vib. 28(3), 563–585, 1973; 31(4), 391–397, 1973; 48(1), 95–111, 1976) for the prediction of noise from hot jets.     

Streamline bifurcations and scaling theory for a multiple-wake model

We investigate the interaction between multiple arrays of (reverse) von Kármán streets as a model for the mid-wake regions produced by schooling fish. There exist configurations where an infinite array of vortex streets is in relative equilibrium, that is, the streets move together with the same translational velocity. We examine the topology of the streamline patterns in a frame moving with the same translational velocity as the streets. Fluid is advected along different paths depending on the distance separating two adjacent streets. When the distance between the streets is large enough, each street behaves as a single von Kármán street and fluid moves globally between two adjacent streets. When the streets get closer to each other, the number of streets that enter into partnership in transporting fluid among themselves increases. This observation motivates a bifurcation analysis which links the distance between streets to the maximum number of streets transporting fluid among themselves. We describe a scaling law relating the number of streets that enter into partnership as a function of the three main parameters associated with the system, two associated with each individual street (determining the aspect ratio of the street), and a third associated with the distance between neighboring streets. In the final section we speculate on the timescale associated with the lifetime of the coherence of this mid-wake scaling regime.     

Scaling laws for gas-solid riser flow through two-fluid model simulation

Scale up of gas-solid circulating fluidized bed (CFB) risers poses many challenges to researchers.In this paper,CFD investigation of hydrodynamic scaling laws for gas-solid riser flow was attempted on the basis of two-fluid model simulations,in particular,the recently developed empirical scaling law of Qi,Zhu,and Huang (2008).A 3D computational model with periodic boundaries was used to perform numerical experiments and to study the effect of various system and operating parameters in hydrodynamic scaling o...     

偶极子声源在径向厚度有限的模拟地层井孔中激发的声场

利用实轴积分法对偶极子声源在径向厚度有限的模拟地层井孔中激发的声场进行了数值模拟,考察了不同声源、源距、模拟地层半径和最外层吸声介质对井内声场的影响。数值计算结果表明:对于偶极子声源,如果模拟地层为声速较低的泥岩,无论最外层吸声介质为流体还是固体,在源距为3.0～4.064 m时,模拟地层半径为1.2 m就能保证刻度井中的"初至波"不受模拟地层外边界的影响;若要使声波全波列的主要部分不受该界面的影响,则模拟地层的半径需要更大;如果模拟地层为声速很高的白云岩,最外层吸声材料宜使用声阻抗合适的固体介质,即使这样,模拟地层半径还需达到2.6 m。这些结果可为模块地层声速刻度井的构建提供理论参考。     

Aftershocks in coherent-noise models

The decay pattern of aftershocks in the so-called ‘coherent-noise’ models [M.E.J. Newman, K. Sneppen, Phys. Rev. E 54 (1996) 6226] is studied in detail. Analytical and numerical results show that the probability to find a large event at time t after an initial major event decreases as t^−τ for small t, with the exponent τ ranging from 0 to values well above 1. This is in contrast to Sneppen and Newman, who stated that the exponent is about 1, independent of the microscopic details of the simulation. Numerical simulations of an extended model [C. Wilke, T. Martinetz, Phys. Rev. E 56 (1997) 7128] show that the power-law is only a generic feature of the original dynamics and does not necessarily appear in a more general context. Finally, the implications of the results to the modelling of earthquakes are discussed.     

Scaling laws for plasma transport due toη i-driven turbulence

The scale invariance technique has been employed to discuss theη _i-driven turbulent transport under a new fluid model developed by Kimet al [1]. Our analysis reveals that the finite Larmour radius effect plays a decisive role to determine the scaling behaviour of the energy transport under the new fluid model. However, the overall scaling of the transport coefficient remains unchanged as compared to that derived by Connor [2] under the traditional fluid model. The approximations considered by Connor [2] are qualified with additional requirements within the new fluid approach. In the dissipative case, which has not been discussed earlier, additional constraints on the power scaling laws of the transport properties are imposed due to the dissipative mechanisms in the basic governing equations.