Thermal Plasma Technology: Where Do We Stand and Where Are We Going?

In this overview, an attempt is made to assess the present and future research and development in thermal plasma processing of materials restricted to (1) thermal plasma coating technologies, (2) thermal plasma synthesis of fine powders, (3) thermal plasma waste destruction, and (4) thermal plasma spheroidization and densification. Since thermal plasma processing is, in general, governed by a large number of parameters, implementation of controls becomes mandatory. The lack of sufficient controls combined with economic drawbacks in some cases has been the main obstacle for the growth of thermal plasma technology. Present R&D efforts, however, address these problems.     

苏北灌河口工业区土壤PAHs富集特征、溯源及风险评价

为系统了解灌河口工业区污染场地表层土壤中多环芳烃(PAHs)的污染特征、污染源及潜在的健康风险, 对16种优先控制的单体PAH进行了测试分析. 结果表明: T-PAHs质量分数呈现冬季(3 971.7 ng·g^-1)>秋季(3 506.5 ng·g^-1)>春季(3 504.8 ng·g^-1)>夏季(2 639.1 ng·g^-1)趋势. 夏季(2+3)环PAHs占比最低(13％), 冬季最高(15％), 春秋季相同(14％). 不同季节单体PAH质量分数以中高环(4、5和6环)为最高, 低环(2和3环)最低. 判源结果表明春夏季煤和生物质、石油类燃烧排放来源特征明显, 冬季石油类燃烧和汽车尾气排放来源占主体, 说明主要污染源存在季节差异. 与国内相关研究相比, 灌河工业区土壤PAHs质量分数处于中游水平. 根据加拿大土壤环境质量标准, 河口工业区不同季节有13％~23％的土壤PAHs污染超过了安全值, 存在潜在的生态风险.     

抽油烟机新风系统对住宅厨房空气品质的影响

采用仿真与测试相结合的方法定量分析了室内抽油烟机某新风系统对厨房空气品质的影响, 总结建立了以空气龄、换气效率为依据的厨房空气品质评价方法. 结果表明, 在开启该新风系统的厨房环境中, 室内平均空气龄为94.7s, 换气效率为82.4%, 平均空气龄比新风系统关闭时低79.8%, 空气质量由新风系统关闭时的中度污染改善至清新. 此仿真分析流程可为深入研究厨房室内空气品质、定量评估新风系统提供指导.     

Spotlight on the Life Cycle of Acrylamide-Based Polymers Supporting Reductions in Environmental Footprint: Review and Recent Advances

Humankind is facing a climate and energy crisis which demands global and prompt actions to minimize the negative impacts on the environment and on the lives of millions of people. Among all the disciplines which have an important role to play, chemistry has a chance to rethink the way molecules are made and find innovations to decrease the overall anthropic footprint on the environment. In this paper, we will provide a review of the existing knowledge but also recent advances on the manufacturing and end uses of acrylamide-based polymers following the “green chemistry” concept and 100 years after the revolutionary publication of Staudinger on macromolecules. After a review of raw material sourcing options (fossil derivatives vs. biobased), we will discuss the improvements in monomer manufacturing followed by a second part dealing with polymer manufacturing processes and the paths followed to reduce energy consumption and CO₂ emissions. In the following section, we will see how the polyacrylamides help reduce the environmental footprint of end users in various fields such as agriculture or wastewater treatment and discuss in more detail the fate of these molecules in the environment by looking at the existing literature, the regulations in place and the procedures used to assess the overall biodegradability. In the last section, we will review macromolecular engineering principles which could help enhance the degradability of said polymers when they reach the end of their life cycle.     

头盔显示器在视空间性能评价中的眼睛转动问题研究

以一款由Erfle目镜为目视系统的头盔显示器为例,给出了眼睛转动时其视空间的性能评价方法、计算公式和评价结果.评价内容包括MTF、调节、像散、横向色差和畸变.对眼睛转动和不转动情况下的结果进行了分析比较：由于转动,使得某些视场的MTF 、调节等性能指标严重变差,成清晰像的范围明显减小;系统的性能出现了明显的非对称性.结果表明:无法根据眼睛不转动情况下的系统性能来判断转动情况下的性能,而只能通过实际的光线追迹才能获得.     

Pharmaceutical Development and Design of Thermosensitive Liposomes Based on the QbD Approach

This study aimed to produce thermosensitive liposomes (TSL) by applying the quality by design (QbD) concept. In this paper, our research group collected and studied the parameters that significantly impact the quality of the liposomal product. Thermosensitive liposomes are vesicles used as drug delivery systems that release the active pharmaceutical ingredient in a targeted way at ~40–42 °C, i.e., in local hyperthermia. This study aimed to manufacture thermosensitive liposomes with a diameter of approximately 100 nm. The first TSLs were made from DPPC (1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine) and DSPC (1,2-dioctadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) phospholipids. Studies showed that the application of different types and ratios of lipids influences the thermal properties of liposomes. In this research, we made thermosensitive liposomes using a PEGylated lipid besides the previously mentioned phospholipids with the thin-film hydration method.     

宁波市饮用水中重金属污染物镉健康风险评价

对宁波市区内36个监测点的饮用水中Cd的质量浓度进行了调查研究,并应用目前美国环保局推荐的健康风险评价模型对各区饮用水中Cd所引起的健康风险度作了初步评价。结果表明,宁波市区镉的平均质量浓度范围为0～3.2μg/L;通过饮水途径所引起的致癌健康风险中Cd在邱隘的致癌风险最大(8.7×10-6.a-1),但低于国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)推荐的通过饮水途径最大可接受风险水平(5×10-5.a-1)。由于邱隘地区饮用水中的镉风险度相对较高,因此应优先对其进行管理。总体来说,Cd的个人年风险在10-6水平,所以宁波市通过饮水所引起的慢性镉暴露不会对暴露人群引起健康危害。     

动态增强磁共振成像与16层螺旋CT对小肾癌诊断及术前评估的价值对比

本文比较动态增强磁共振成像(DCE-MRI)与16层螺旋CT(MSCT)对小肾癌诊断及术前评估中的价值.选取64例疑似小肾癌患者作为研究对象,均接受DCE-MRI与MSCT检查.以术后病理结果为参照,比较DCE-MRI和MSCT检查对小肾癌诊断及术前评估的灵敏度、特异度和准确度,并分析这两种检查的参数与Fuhrman分...     

废弃感光化学品的环境风险分析

利用感光材料产量、彩扩店数量等统计数据,结合常用感光化学品的危害数据和进入环境的途径,根据我国对废弃感光化学品的管理和研究的现状,参考美国环保局的健康风险评价方法,分析了我国废弃感光化学品可能存在的环境风险,强调了加强感光化学品监控技术的开发、环境友好替代品研究和提高防范意识的重要性。     

从"和值14"现象谈二项分布的典型应用

分析了"和值14"现象产生的主要原因是不少彩民应用二项分布知识于彩票,实际上概率在数字彩中的作用并不太明显.但二项分布在其他领域中却有着广泛的应用,譬如在人力资源管理和风险管理上就有典型的应用.