等温结晶化条件对氟化孔洞聚丙烯膜电荷稳定性的显著影响

基于开路热刺激放电电流和电荷等温衰减测量系统地研究了等温结晶化条件对氟化孔洞聚丙烯(PP)膜电荷稳定性的影响.结果表明等温结晶化温度和时间对氟化PP膜的电荷稳定性或电荷陷阱的构造具有显著的影响,即使90 ℃,0.5 h的等温结晶化处理也能显著地加深其电荷陷阱、改善电荷的稳定性.而且随着等温结晶化温度的提高和时间的延长,电荷陷阱进一步被加深、电荷稳定性进一步被改善,如130 ℃,2 h以上的等温结晶化情形.衰减全反射红外分析和宽角X射线衍射分析表明,电荷稳定性的改善归因于PP膜的组成和结构变化.     

Elastic behavior of composites containing multi-layer coated particles with imperfect interface bonding conditions and application to size effects and mismatch in these composites

This paper proposes a procedure to deal with n-layered inclusion based composites with imperfect interfaces (which conditions consist of displacement or stress vector jumps) respecting spherical symmetry. For that purpose, “discontinuity matrices” have been introduced. These matrices have been derived for several classical interface-models and an asymptotic method has been used to determine some of them. A self-consistent condition based on a strain-energy equivalence in the case of inclusion-matrix type composite materials is restated for n-layered inclusions with imperfect interfaces and applied to get estimates of such composites materials. The remarkable feature of the presently self consistent approach is that it does not need any tedious algebra providing the attached interface models respect the spherical symmetry. The present Generalized Self Consistent Model (GSCM) is then used to study size effects and mismatch in composites reinforced by coated inclusions.     

First-principle proof of the modified collision boundary conditions for the hard-sphere system

A fundamental issue lying at the foundation of classical statistical mechanics is the determination of the collision boundary conditions that characterize the dynamical evolution of multi-particle probability density functions (PDF) and are applicable to systems of hard-spheres undergoing multiple elastic collisions. In this paper it is proved that, when the deterministic N-body PDF is included in the class of admissible solutions of the Liouville equation, the customary form of collision boundary conditions adopted in previous literature becomes physically inconsistent and must actually be replaced by suitably modified collision boundary conditions.     

An embedded boundary framework for compressible turbulent flow and fluid–structure computations on structured and unstructured grids

The finite volume method with exact two‐phase Riemann problems (FIVER) is a two‐faceted computational method for compressible multi‐material (fluid–fluid, fluid–structure, and multi‐fluid–structure) problems characterized by large density jumps, and/or highly nonlinear structural motions and deformations. For compressible multi‐phase flow problems, FIVER is a Godunov‐type discretization scheme characterized by the construction and solution at the material interfaces of local, exact, two‐phase Riemann problems. For compressible fluid–structure interaction (FSI) problems, it is an embedded boundary method for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) capable of handling large structural deformations and topological changes. Originally developed for inviscid multi‐material computations on nonbody‐fitted structured and unstructured grids, FIVER is extended in this paper to laminar and turbulent viscous flow and FSI problems. To this effect, it is equipped with carefully designed extrapolation schemes for populating the ghost fluid values needed for the construction, in the vicinity of the fluid–structure interface, of second‐order spatial approximations of the viscous fluxes and source terms associated with Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS)‐based turbulence models and large eddy simulation (LES). Two support algorithms, which pertain to the application of any embedded boundary method for CFD to the robust, accurate, and fast solution of FSI problems, are also presented in this paper. The first one focuses on the fast computation of the time‐dependent distance to the wall because it is required by many RANS‐based turbulence models. The second algorithm addresses the robust and accurate computation of the flow‐induced forces and moments on embedded discrete surfaces, and their finite element representations when these surfaces are flexible. Equipped with these two auxiliary algorithms, the extension of FIVER to viscous flow and FSI problems is first verified with the LES of a turbulent flow past an immobile prolate spheroid, and the computation of a series of unsteady laminar flows past two counter‐rotating cylinders. Then, its potential for the solution of complex, turbulent, and flexible FSI problems is also demonstrated with the simulation, using the Spalart–Allmaras turbulence model, of the vertical tail buffeting of an F/A‐18 aircraft configuration and the comparison of the obtained numerical results with flight test data. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Syntheses of methylpyridine and methylpyridine N-oxide decorated benzoxazine and naphthoxazine platforms

Simple, aqueous-based syntheses of methylpyridine and methylpyridine N-oxide decorated 3,4-dihydro-2H-naphthoxazine and 2,3-dihydro-1H-naphthoxazine monomers, as well as thermally promoted syntheses of 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzoxazine monomers and bisoxazine methylpyridine derivatives of substituted 1,5-, 2,6-, and 2,7-dihydroxynaphthalenes are described. The crystal structures of two derivatives are presented.     

Direct oxidative synthesis of nitrones from aldehydes and primary anilines using graphite oxide and Oxone

One-pot condensation/oxidation of aldehydes and primary anilines into nitrones using graphite oxide (GO) and Oxone as the oxidant under very mild reaction conditions is described. The proposed method provides a direct oxidative synthesis of various nitrones in good to excellent yields under metal-free conditions in short reaction times.     

退火工艺对含Ti-Al阻挡层的硅基Pb(Zr_(0.4),Ti_(0.6))O_3铁电电容器结构和性能影响的研究

应用非晶的Ti-Al薄膜为导电阻挡层,采用射频磁控溅射法和溶胶-凝胶法在Si衬底上制备了La_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)CoO_3/Pb(Zr_(0.4),Ti_(0.6))O_3/La_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)CoO_3/Ti-Al/Si (LSCO/PZT/LSCO/Ti-Al/Si)异质结,研究了550 ℃常规退火(CTA)和快速退火(RTA)工艺对LSCO/PZT/LSCO/Ti-Al/Si结构和性能的影响.实验发现非晶Ti-Al薄膜在经过不同退火工艺后仍具有非晶结构,快速退火6 min的样品具有较好的物理性能.在418 kV/cm的外加电场下,LSCO/PZT/LSCO电容器的剩余极化强度和矫顽电场强度分别为22 μC/cm~2和83 kV/cm.LSCO/PZT/LSCO电容器的漏电行为不依赖于退火工艺,当电场强度低于46.7 kV/cm时为欧姆导电,高于46.7 kV/cm时为肖特基导电机制.     

Simulation of positronium plasma by the molecular dynamics method

In this paper, the relaxation properties of a fully ionized, hot, ideal plasma have been studied using the molecular dynamics method. As an example, the classical problem of equalization of the electron and ion temperatures for various mass ratios is considered, the relaxation times for temperatures is determined, and the influence of the number of particles and the type of boundary conditions on the simulation results is studied. The simulation results are compared with the available theoretical results.     

Optimal design accounting for uncertainty in loading amplitudes: A numerical investigation

A numerical investigation is performed addressing the optimal design of stiff structures accounting for uncertainty in loading amplitudes. A minimum volume problem is endowed with a stochastic compliance constraint handling normal distributions and solved adopting mathematical programming. The formulation, originally conceived for a single load case, is extended to handle multiple load cases. Numerical simulations are performed to test the proposed algorithms, pointing out features of the numerical procedures and peculiarities of the stochastic-based optimal solutions achieved for different values of the second-order moments. Comparisons with respect to conventional deterministic layouts are provided as well.     

水/气多介质问题的界面处理方法

针对不可压缩可压缩水/气多介质问题, 提出一种新的界面处理方法。在可压缩水/气界面处构造Riemann问题, 在水中设音速趋于无穷大, 求解Riemann问题得到不可压缩可压缩水/气界面处流体的准确流动状态; 然后以此状态结合GFM(ghost fluid method)方法分别为2种流体定义界面边界条件, 将两相流问题转化为单相流问题计算, 通过求解level set方程来跟踪界面的位置。对各种不同的界面边界条件定义方法进行了比较, 数值模拟结果表明算法能准确地捕捉各类间断的位置, 证明了算法的有效性和稳健性。