AUV双基地合成孔径声呐成像实验*

单基地合成孔径声呐成像通常基于点目标假设,其相干积累处理不能克服分布型目标散射模式的起伏效应。收发异置的双基地声呐可以从不同角度观察目标,充分挖掘目标散射模式的角度依赖特性,在对水下目标(尤其人造目标)检测与定位方面,相对仅仅观测后向散射的单基地声呐有潜在的优势。该文 介绍一种基于自主水下航行器的双基地合成孔径声呐系统,重点介绍湖试成像的结果,验证双基地合成孔径声呐的可行性。同时通过引入目标散射模式建模的宽角度合成孔径声呐处理,实现了对目标探测性能的提升。     

Scattering of Nondispersive Waves at Nonlinear Joints in One-Dimensional Structures*

ABSTRACT

Reflection and transmission of nondispersive waves at a nonlinear joint between two elastic rods is considered. Equations that govern the reflected and transmitted waves are derived. These equations can be applied to joints which include nonlinear springs, nonlinear damping, nonlinear friction, and other types of nonlinearity. Analytic and numerical solutions of these equations are given for a joint that contains weakly nonlinear springs. Good agreement is obtained between the analytic and numerical solutions.     

相对弯度对低雷诺数流动中翼型动态气动力特性的影响

以固定翼微型飞行器为研究背景,研究了相对弯度对低雷诺数流动中翼型动态气动力特性的影响规律。采用Roe迎风差分格式和双时间步迭代方法,数值求解拟压缩性修正不可压Navier-Stokes方程组,给出了数值算法与实验数据的对比验证。以翼型弦长为特征长度,在Re=500~50000情况下,选取不同最大相对弯度和不同最大相对弯度位置的翼型,计算了其等速上仰时的动态气动力,结果表明后者对气动力的影响比较显著,把最大弯度位置布置在翼型弦向40%的地方要比布置在30%和50%两处所获得的动态升阻比大。     

Fast dynamic modeling for off-road track vehicles

The paper presents a simple, fast, and reliable dynamic model for an off-road track vehicle operating on terrain with obstacles. The method has been proven previously for wheeled-vehicle formulation. The model is based on a discrete body dynamics (DBD) method, which leads to simplistic linear decoupled motion equations. In this method, joints and bodies with relatively small mass are replaced with stiff springs and dampers, eliminating the system’s constraints and reducing the number of system bodies; this is important for accelerating the simulation runtime of the track vehicle model. The track in this approach is based on modeling each link as a point-mass. Two consecutive links are connected by stiff springs and dampers. This approach reduces the calculation time and increases system stability. The track–soil interaction was modeled using Bekker’s and Janosi’s formulation (Bekker, 1956; Hanamoto and Janosi, 1961). Specific soil properties were obtained for each link–soil interaction from soil classification and GIS. The link–ground contact was determined from topographic surface and adjustment of the force and direction acting on the track. The results of the simulation using the DBD method were compared with Siemens' VL commercial multibody dynamics program and with experiments reported in the literature. Results using the proposed method were found to be similar to the commercial program based on published experiments. The solution runtimes obtained for unpaved soil were two orders faster with the DBD method compared with the Siemens' VL program. The model was written as an independent software infrastructure, enabling easy integration with any other software component, such as a control system. The algorithm is in a suitable form for parallel processing calculation to speed up the runtime simulation close to real-time.     

Vehicle mobility on highly organic soils

Current political climates have generated a renewed interest in the northern regions of the world. These areas are known to have soft marshy peat, highly organic soils, and harsh winter climates. Current capabilities for vehicle mobility modeling on this terrain is limited and existing studies do not include contemporary military vehicles. This work presents mobility experiments of modern military vehicles at multiple field sites containing peat or highly organic soils that can be used to improve mobility modeling on these soils. Field experiments are being conducted during multiple seasons, including winter, spring, and summer. The vehicle traction, motion resistance, and hard surface rolling resistance of an instrumented High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV) and a Small Unit Support Vehicle (SUSV) were examined. The first is a common multi-purpose vehicle and the second is a vehicle designed to operate in these types of environments. This data set will provide the basis for model development and validation for vehicle mobility in highly organic soils.     

An integral LP relaxation for a drayage problem

This paper investigates a drayage problem, where a fleet of trucks must ship container loads from a port to importers and from exporters to the same port, without separating trucks and containers during customer service. We present three formulations for this problem that are valid when each truck carries one container. For the third formulation, we also assume that the arc costs are equal for all trucks, and then we prove that its continuous relaxation admits integer optimal solutions by checking that its constraint matrix is totally unimodular. Under the same hypothesis on costs, even the continuous relaxations of the first two models are proved to admit an integer optimal solution. Finally, the third model is transformed into a circulation problem, that can be solved by efficient network algorithms.     

Surviving rate of graphs and Firefighter Problem

The Firefighter Problem on a graph can be viewed as a simplified model of the spread of contagion, fire, rumor, computer virus, etc. The fire breaks out at one or more vertices in a graph at the first round, and the fire-fighter chooses some vertices to protect. The fire spreads to all non-protected neighbors at the beginning of each time-step. The process stops when the fire can no longer spread. The Firefighter Problem has attracted considerable attention since it was introduced in 1995. In this paper we provide a survey on recent research progress of this field, including algorithms and complexity, Fire-fighter Problem for special graphs (finite and infinite) and digraphs, surviving rate and burning number of graphs. We also collect some open problems and possible research subjects.     

Task offloading for vehicular edge computing with imperfect CSI: A deep reinforcement approach

This article examines a multi-user mobile edge computing (MEC) system for the Internet of Vehicle (IoV), where one edge point (EP) nearby the vehicles can help assist in processing the compute-intensive tasks. For the MEC networks, the majority of existing works concentrate on the minimization of system cost of task offloading under the perfect channel estimation, which however fails to consider the practical limitation of imperfect channel estimation (CSI) because of vehicles’ high-mobility. Therefore, the goal of our study is to reduce the delay as well as energy consumption (EC) of computation and communication with imperfect CSI, which are the two significant performance metrics of MEC network. With this aim, we first express the system cost as a form of the linear combination of the delay and EC, and then formulate the optimization problem for the system cost. Moreover, a novel deep approach is proposed, which is integrated by deep reinforcement learning (DRL) with the Lagrange multiplier to jointly minimize the system cost. In particular, the DRL algorithm is employed to obtain the capable offloading strategy, while the Lagrange multiplier is used to obtain the bandwidth allocation. The simulated results are finally presented to show that the devised approach outperforms the traditional ones.     

Integrated fleet mix and routing decision for hazmat transportation: A developing country perspective

In developing countries, truck purchase cost is the dominant criteria for fleet acquisition-related decisions. However, we contend that other cost factors such as loss due to the number of en route truck stoppages based on a truck type and recovery cost associated with a route choice decision, should also be considered for deciding the fleet mix and minimizing the overall costs for long-haul shipments. The resulting non-linear model, with integer variables for the number and type of trucks, and the route choices, is solved via genetic algorithm. Using real data from a bulk liquid hazmat transporter, the trade-offs between the cost of travel, loss due to number of truck stoppages, and the long-term recovery cost associated with the risk of exposure due to a hazmat carrier accident are discussed. The numerical experiments show that when factors related to public safety and truck stoppages are taken into account for transportation, the lowest total cost and optimal route choice do not align with the cheapest truck type option; rather, the optimal solution corresponds to another truck type and route with total costs significantly less than the total costs associated with the cheapest truck type. Our model challenges the current truck purchasing strategy adopted in developing countries using the cheapest truck criteria.     

Subtour elimination constraints imply a matrix-tree theorem SDP constraint for the TSP

De Klerk et al., (2008) give a semidefinite programming constraint for the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) based on the matrix-tree theorem. This constraint says that the aggregate weight of all spanning trees in a solution to a TSP relaxation is at least that of a cycle graph. In this note, we show that the semidefinite constraint holds for any weighted 2-edge-connected graph and, in particular, is implied by the subtour elimination constraints.