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81.
Ling-Bao Kong 《Communications in Nonlinear Science & Numerical Simulation》2012,17(2):650-653
A general dispersion relation is derived for a relativistic rectilinear electron beam of arbitrary momentum distributions interacting with a dielectric in a guide magnetic field, on the basis of Maxwell equations and the relativistic Vlasov equation. The instability occurs when the beam velocity exceeds the wave phase velocity in the medium. The linear wave dispersion relation, growth rate, spatial growth rate are studied analytically for delta and Lorentzian distributions of beam momentums in detail. The results are of importance for a new kind of high-power microwave generation or amplification devices based on anomalous Doppler effect. 相似文献
82.
提出了一种新的能反映决策者满意度的随机变量序关系,并据此研究了随机不等式的确定性等价类,方法被称为满意度方法.最后将其应用于带凹性生产成本运输问题的求解中,并将方法与常用的机会约束方法进行比较,说明满意度法不仅合理可行,而且当决策者对约束条件的要求越高时,它所得最优值越优于机会约束法所得最优值. 相似文献
83.
聂昌雄 《数学年刊A辑(中文版)》2015,36(1):31-36
通过对第二共形基本形式的模长平方作拼挤,给出Clifford超柱面的一个共形特征. 相似文献
84.
Samantha Jenkins 《International journal of quantum chemistry》2013,113(11):1603-1608
The need to make more quantitative use of the total electronic charge density distribution is demonstrated in this short perspective. This is framed in the perspective of the ground breaking early work of Bader and coworkers, along with mathematicians who captured the essential nature of a molecule in a suitably compact form in real space. We see that this simple form is the Poincaré–Hopf relation for molecules and clusters and the Euler–Hopf relation in solids. Thom's theory of elementary catastrophes combined with the Poincaré–Hopf relation provides the inspiration for the new quantum topology. An alternative use of the Poincaré–Hopf relation, molecular recognition, is discussed. Quantum topology is then used to create a topology phase diagram for both molecules and solids. The author adds their perspectives of the huge potential of the quantum topology approach by demonstrating the ease with which new theoretical ideas can be generated. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
85.
Jie Han Feng-Yan Zhang Juan-Yu Wang Yan-Mei Wang Mei-Li Pang Ji-Ben Meng 《Liquid crystals》2013,40(8):825-833
A series of heterocyclic liquid crystalline compounds containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole/thiadiazole, furan and thiophene units were synthesised and characterised by means of electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), high-resolution mass spectroscopy (HRMS), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and 13C NMR. The thermal behaviours were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarised optical microscopy (POM). The effect of the 1,3,4-oxadiazole, 1,3,4-thiadiazole, furan, thiophene and benzene rings on the liquid crystalline properties was discussed briefly in context with the geometrical and electronic factors. The results showed that the tendency to form mesophases follows the sequence: 1,4-disustituted benzene >2,5-disubstituted thiophene >2,5-disustituted furan and 1,3,4-thiadiazole >1,3,4-oxadiazole. 相似文献
86.
Teresa Álvarez 《Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences》2015,38(9):1838-1846
A classical formula for the gap between two densely defined closed operators in a Hilbert space is extended to the case of linear relations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
87.
88.
The development of selective electrocatalysts for the chlorine evolution reaction (CER) is majorly restrained by a scaling relation between the OCl and OOH adsorbates, rendering that active CER catalysts are also reasonably active in the competing oxygen evolution reaction (OER). While theory predicts that the OCl versus OOH scaling relation can be circumvented as soon as the elementary reaction steps in the CER comprise the Cl rather than the OCl adsorbate, it was demonstrated recently that PtN4 sites embedded in a carbon nanotube follow this theoretical prediction. Advanced experimental analyses illustrate that the PtN4 sites also reveal a different reaction kinetics compared to the industrial benchmark of dimensionally stable anodes (DSA). A reverse Volmer–Heyrovsky mechanism was identified, in which the rate-determining Volmer step for small overpotentials is followed by the kinetically limiting Heyrovsky step for larger overpotentials. Since the PtN4 sites excel DSA in terms of activity and chlorine selectivity, we suggest the Cl intermediate as well as the reverse Volmer–Heyrovsky mechanism as the design criteria for the development of next-generation electrode materials beyond DSA. 相似文献
89.
《印度化学会志》2021,98(10):100171
The higher wear resistance of Ni based nano composite coatings makes them potential replacement in protecting the substrate materials. The role of surface roughness of the coating along with wear parameters on the specific wear rate, pin temperature, and COF are addressed in the present study. The use of hard nano Al2O3 particles found significant role in increasing the resistance to wear for Ni matrix coatings on Al6061 material. The resistance to dislocation offered by these nano Al2O3 particles and smear out of debris with plastic deformation indicated abrasive and adhesive nature of wear mechanism in combination. The optimization of wear parameters are carried out by surface response method based grey relation analysis. The normal load applied onto the pin has significant influence on the specific wear rate and temperature rise in the pin. The surface roughness of the coating has also found instrumental in the higher pin temperature and friction coefficient. 相似文献
90.
We conjecture that the balanced complete bipartite graph K⌊n/2⌋,⌈n/2⌉ contains more cycles than any other n-vertex triangle-free graph, and we make some progress toward proving this. We give equivalent conditions for cycle-maximal triangle-free graphs; show bounds on the numbers of cycles in graphs depending on numbers of vertices and edges, girth, and homomorphisms to small fixed graphs; and use the bounds to show that among regular graphs, the conjecture holds. We also consider graphs that are close to being regular, with the minimum and maximum degrees differing by at most a positive integer k. For k=1, we show that any such counterexamples have n≤91 and are not homomorphic to C5; and for any fixed k there exists a finite upper bound on the number of vertices in a counterexample. Finally, we describe an algorithm for efficiently computing the matrix permanent (a #P-complete problem in general) in a special case used by our bounds. 相似文献