ON THE STRUCTURE OF REGULAR CRYPTO SEMIGROUPS

Superabundant semigroups are generalizations of completely regular semigroups written the class of abundant semigroups. It has been shown by Fountain that an abundant semigroup is superabundant if and only if it is a semilattice of completely J ^*-simple semigroups. Reilly and Petrich called a semigroup S cryptic if the Green's relation H is a congruence on S. In this paper, we call a superabundant semigroup S a regular crypto semigroup if H ^* is a congruence on S such that S/H ^* is a regular band. It will be proved that a superabundant semigroup S is a regular crypto semigroup if and only if S is a refined semilattice of completely J ^*-simple semigroups. Thus, regular crypto semigroups are generalization of the cryptic semigroups as well as abundant semigroups.     

Semiregular Morphisms

If M and N are modules, the concept of semiregularity (and regularity) of hom(M,N) is defined and studied, and the connection with the relative direct injective- and direct projective-properties is established. The relationship of semiregularity to the Jacobson radical of hom(M,N), to the singular and cosingular ideals of hom(M,N), and to the notion of lying over or under a direct summand, is described, and the basic results in the module case are extended.

Communicated by R. Wisbauer.     

Separative Ideals,Clean Elements,and Unit-Regularity

ABSTRACT

We prove that an ideal I of a regular ring R is separative if and only if each a ? R satisfying Rr(a)aR = Ra?(a)R = RaR(1 ? a)R ? I is unit-regular. If I is a separative ideal of a regular ring R, then each a ? R satisfying Rar(a²) = ?(a²)aR = R(a ? a²) R ? I is clean. Some applications are also obtained.     

Regular Semigroups Each of Whose Least Completely Simple Congruence Classes Has a Greatest Element

A regular semigroup S is termed locally F-regular, if each class of the least completely simple congruence ξ contains a greatest element with respect to the natural partial order. It is shown that each locally F-regular semigroup S admits an embedding into a semidirect product of a band by S/ξ. Further, if ξ satisfies the additional property that for each s ∈ S and each inverse (sξ)′ of sξ in S/ξ the set (sξ)′ ∩ V(s) is not empty, we represent S both as a Rees matrix semigroup over an F-regular semigroup as well as a certain subsemigroup of a restricted semidirect product of a band by S/ξ.     

Left Euclidean (2, 2)-Algebras

The concept of a commutative and zero-divisor-free Euclidean ring, defined via an Euclidean function, has been generalized to arbitrary left Euclidean rings and than to various other structures as semirings, nearrings and semi-near-rings. As first shown in the dissertation (Hebisch, 1984 Hebisch , U. ( 1984 ). (2, 2)-Algebren mit Euklidischen Algorithmen . Ph.D. thesis, TU Clausthal . [Google Scholar]), these different investigations can be combined considering arbitrary (2, 2)-algebras (S, +, ·), defined as left Euclidean in a suitable way. Here we present and investigate an improved version of this concept. Moreover, Motzkin (1949 Motzkin , T. ( 1949 ). The Euclidean algorithm . Amer. Math. Soc. 55 : 1142 – 1146 . [Google Scholar]) gave a criterion which characterizes a commutative and zero-divisor-free ring as Euclidean by certain chains of product ideals, without the use of Euclidean functions. In the central part of this paper we obtain a corresponding characterization and two further criterions, necessary and sufficient for an algebra (S, +, ·) to be left Euclidean. Based on this we prove several results on these algebras.     

On the Asymptotic Behavior of the Bass Numbers of Modules

Let (R, 𝔪) be a Noetherian Gorenstein local ring and I be a principal ideal of R. In this article we show that the Bass numbers of the R-modules R/I ⁿ take constant values for large n.     

Finitely Generated Commutative Regular Semigroups

Abstract

In this paper we give a construction that allows us to describe up to isomorphisms all finitely generated regular commutative semigroups.     

A New Conical Regularization for Some Optimization and Optimal Control Problems: Convergence Analysis and Finite Element Discretization

In this article, we study an abstract constrained optimization problem that appears commonly in the optimal control of linear partial differential equations. The main emphasis of the present study is on the case when the ordering cone for the optimization problem has an empty interior. To circumvent this major difficulty, we propose a new conical regularization approach in which the main idea is to replace the ordering cone by a family of dilating cones. We devise a general regularization approach and use it to give a detailed convergence analysis for the conical regularization as well as a related regularization approach. We showed that the conical regularization approach leads to a family of optimization problems that admit regular multipliers. The approach remains valid in the setting of general Hilbert spaces and it does not require any sort of compactness or positivity condition on the operators involved. One of the main advantages of the approach is that it is amenable for numerical computations. We consider four different examples, two of them elliptic control problems with state constraints, and present numerical results that completely support our theoretical results and confirm the numerical feasibility of our approach. The motivation for the conical regularization is to overcome the difficulties associated with the lack of Slater's type constraint qualification, which is a common hurdle in numerous branches of applied mathematics including optimal control, inverse problems, vector optimization, set-valued optimization, sensitivity analysis, variational inequalities, among others.     

Tensor envelopes of regular categories

We extend the calculus of relations to embed a regular category A into a family of pseudo-abelian tensor categories T(A,δ) depending on a degree function δ. Assume that all objects have only finitely many subobjects. Then our results are as follows:

1.

Let N be the maximal proper tensor ideal of T(A,δ). We show that T(A,δ)/N is semisimple provided that A is exact and Mal'cev. Thereby, we produce many new semisimple, hence abelian, tensor categories.

2.

Using lattice theory, we give a simple numerical criterion for the vanishing of N.

3.

We determine all degree functions for which T(A,δ)/N is Tannakian. As a result, we are able to interpolate the representation categories of many series of profinite groups such as the symmetric groups Sn, the hyperoctahedral groups , or the general linear groups GL(n,Fq) over a fixed finite field.

This paper generalizes work of Deligne, who first constructed the interpolating category for the symmetric groups Sn.