Enhanced robustness of zero-line modes in graphene via magnetic field

We systematically studied the influence of magnetic field on zero-line modes (ZLMs) in graphene and demonstrated the physical origin of their enhanced robustness by employing nonequilibrium Green’s functions and the Landauer–Büttiker formula. We found that a perpendicular magnetic field can separate the wavefunctions of the counter-propagating kink states into opposite directions. Specifically, the separation vanishes at the charge neutrality point and increases as the Fermi level deviates from the charge neutrality point and can reach a magnitude comparable to the wavefunction spread at a moderate field strength. Such spatial separation of oppositely propagating ZLMs effectively suppresses backscattering and is more significant under zigzag boundary condition than under armchair boundary condition. Moreover, the presence of magnetic field enlarges the bulk gap and suppresses the bound states, thereby further reducing the scattering. These mechanisms effectively increase the mean free paths of the ZLMs to approximately 1 μm in the presence of a disorder.     

Analysis of RNA sequence structure maps by exhaustive enumeration I. Neutral networks

Summary Global relations between RNA sequences and secondary structures are understood as mappings from sequence space into shape space. These mappings are investigated by exhaustive folding of allGC andAU sequences with chain lengths up to 30. The computed structural data are evaluated through exhaustive enumeration and used as an exact reference for testing analytical results derived from mathematical models and sampling based on statistical methods. Several new concepts of RNA sequence to secondary structure mappings are investigated, among them that ofneutral networks (being sets of sequences folding into the same structure). Exhaustive enumeration allows to test several previously suggested relations: the number of (minimum free energy) secondary structures as a function of the chain length as well as the frequency distribution of structures at constant chain length (commonly resulting in generalized forms ofZipf's law).

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Analyse der Beziehungen zwischen RNA-Sequenzen und Sekundärstrukturen durch vollständige Faltung, 1. Mitt. Faltung, Neutrale Netzwerke

Zusammenfassung Die globalen Benziehungen zwischen RNA-Sequenzen und Sekundärstrukturen werden als Abbildungen aus einem Raum aller Sequenzen in einen Raum aller Strukturen aufgefaßt. Diese Abbildungen werden durch Falten aller binären Sequenzen desGC-undAU-Alphabets mit Kettenlängen bis zun=30 untersucht. Die berechneten Strukturdaten werden durch vollständiges Abzählen ausgewertet und als eine exakte Referenz zum Überprüfen analytischer Resultate aus mathematischen Modellen sowie zum Testen statistisch erhobener Proben verwendet. Einige neuartige Konzepte zur Beschreibung der Beziehungen zwischen Sequenzen und Strukturen werden eingehend untersucht, unter ihnen der Begriff derneutralen Netzwerke. Ein neutrales Netzwerk besteht aus allen Sequenzen, die eine bestimmte Struktur ausbilden. Vollständiges Abzählen ermöglicht beispielsweise die Bestimmung aller Strukturen minimaler freier Energie in Abhängigkeit von der Kettenlänge ebenso wie die Bestimmung der Häufigkeitsverteilungen der Strukturen bei konstanten Kettenlängen. Die letzteren folgen einer verallgemeinerten FormZipfschen Gesetzes.

     

A Simple Method for Controlling the Degree of PEGylation of Dynorphin A (1-13)

Dynorphin A (1–13) was chemically modified by reaction with succinimidyl propionate‐monomethoxy polyethylene glycol (mPEG‐SPA). To determine the degree and the optimized condition for PEGylation of dynorphin A, the reactions were monitored in different pH buffers at different molar ratios by reversed‐phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐?ight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS). The results showed that the degree of PEGylation for dynorphin A could easily be controlled through adjustment of the molar ratios and the pH. The degree of PEGylation of dynorphin A increased as the molar ratio of dynorphin to MPEG‐SPA and the pH increased.     

Insight into the π‐hole···π‐electrons tetrel bonds between F2ZO (Z = C,Si, Ge) and unsaturated hydrocarbons

The intermolecular π‐hole···π‐electrons interactions between F₂ZO (Z = C, Si, Ge) molecules and unsaturated hydrocarbons including acetylene, ethylene, 1,3‐butadiene and benzene were constructed to reveal the differences of tetrel bonds forming by carbon and heavier tetrel atoms. The ab initio computation in association with topological analysis of electron density, natural bond orbital, and energy decomposition analysis demonstrate that the strength of Si···π and Ge···π tetrel bonds is much stronger than that of C···π tetrel bonds. The Si···π and Ge···π tetrel bonds exhibit covalent or partially covalent interaction nature, while the weak C···π tetrel bonds display the hallmarks of noncovalent interaction, the electrostatic interaction is the primary influencing factor. The Si···π and Ge···π interactions are determined by both the σ‐ and π‐electron densities, while the C···π interactions are dominated mainly by the π‐electron densities. The π‐hole···π‐electrons tetrel bonds are dominated by electrostatic interaction, and polarization has a comparable contribution in the Si···π and Ge···π tetrel bonds.     

羧甲基壳聚糖的取代度及保湿性

吸湿性;分子量;羧甲基壳聚糖的取代度及保湿性     

锂硫电池用高度环化硫化聚丙烯腈的制备

硫化聚丙烯腈因其不溶解机制和有效缓解锂硫电池中多硫化物“穿梭效应”,被认为是具有吸引力的锂硫电池正极候选材料。硫化聚丙烯腈的导电聚合物骨架具有优异的电子导电性,同时共轭主链能有效解决充放电过程中硫正极体积变化引起的正极结构坍塌问题。因硫化聚丙烯腈的固-固反应机理,有效克服了传统硫正极在醚类电解液中多硫化物溶解及穿梭效应的问题,具有高正极活性物质利用率、出色的循环稳定性和结构稳定性等优势。有许多研究工作致力于通过硫化促进剂来提高硫化聚丙烯腈的硫含量,进而提高材料的能量密度。其中,硫化聚丙烯腈主链的环化度与循环稳定性的关系引起了我们的关注。在该研究工作中,通过在硫化过程中引入无水硫酸铜和正乙基正苯基二硫代氨基甲酸锌(ZDB)合成了SPAN-C-V复合材料。无水硫酸铜和ZDB的共同引入降低了聚丙烯腈环化反应的起始温度,同时提高了产物SPAN-C-V内碳碳双键的含量,在提高了材料硫含量的同时提高了其环化度。以SPAN-C-V为正极活性物质所组装的锂硫电池展现出良好的循环稳定性和倍率性能：在0.2 C (1 C = 600 mAh·kg^-1)下循环100次后的可逆容量为601 mAh·kg^-1,容量保持率为93%。该工作对于硫化聚丙烯腈材料的发展提供了参考。     

高分子化学线型缩聚反应数均聚合度计算的教学体验和改进

对高分子化学课程本科教学中有关线型缩聚反应数均聚合度的计算,以及聚合度与官能团过量之间的定性及定量关系进行了讨论。针对现有教学方法易引发学生误解和混淆的情况,定义了新的参数和发展了相应改进的计算方程。新的计算方程的计算过程清晰、参数定义明确、易于学生理解掌握,在实践中取得了良好的教学效果。     

Structure-activity study of antiepilepticN-aryl-isoxazolecarboxamides/N-isoxazolylbenzamide analogs using Wiener's topological index

The relationship between Wiener's topological index and the antiepileptic activity of a series ofN-aryl-isoxazole carboxamides/N-isoxazolylbenzamide analogs has been investigated. Values of Wiener's topological index for 69 compounds constituting the training set were computed and an active range was identified. Each analog was subsequently assigned an activity which was then compared with the reported antiepileptic activity against the maximal electroshock seizure (MES) test. Due to significant correlation between antiepileptic activity and Wiener's topological index, it was possible to predict antiepileptic activity with an accuracy of 91 % in the active range.     

A temperature study on critical micellization concentration (CMC), solubility, and degree of counterion binding of α-sulfonatomyristic acid methyl ester in water by electroconductivity measurements

 For a sodium salt of α-sulfonatomyristic acid methyl ester (14SFNa), one of the α-SFMe series surfactants, critical micellization concentration (CMC), solubility and degree of counterion binding (β) were determined by means of electrocon-ductivity measurements at different temperatures (at every 5 °C) ranging from 15 to 50 °C. The phase diagram of 14SFNa in pure water was constructed from the CMC- and solubility-temperature data, in which the Krafft temperature (critical solution temperature) was found around 0 °C. The changes in the Gibbs energy, ΔG ⁰ _m, enthalpy, ΔH ⁰ _m, and entropy, ΔS ⁰ _m, upon micelle formation as a function of temperature were evaluated taking βvalues into calculation. Received: 28 August 1996 Accepted: 5 November 1996