The effect of γ-irradiation on slow crack growth in polyethylene

HDPE was γ-irradiated at room temperature. The resistance to slow crack growth (SCG) was measured in single edge notched tensile specimens under constant load as a function of the dose. The resistance to SCG initially decreased to a minimum value at a dose between 0.05 and 0.10 Mrd. The minimum value was 45% less than for the undosed state. For doses greater than 0.10 Mrd, the resistance to SCG increased up to a dose of 50 Mrd, where its value had increased by a factor of 10². The gel point occurred at 1–3 Mrd. MI and the crack opening displacement exhibited maximum values at a dose of 0.1 Mrd. The behaviors of SCG, MI and crack opening displacement were consistent with the explanation that chain scission dominated for doses less than 0.1 Mrd, and cross-linking dominated at the higher doses. For doses beyond 50 Mrd, the resin became so brittle that it cracked during the loading of the specimen. Beyond the gel point the density increased from 0.9694 to 0.9716 g/cm³ at a dose of 160 Mrd. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Wave envelope and infinite elements for acoustical radiation

Finite element models are presented for the calculation of near and far field acoustical radiation. These models are applied to the specific problem of fan noise radiation from axisymmetric turbofan inlets. In all cases conventional acoustic finite elements are used within an inner region close to the inlet. The far field is represented by infinite elements or wave envelope elements. Theory and results are presented for the case with zero mean flow. Comparisons of computed data with analytic solutions and measured values establish the utility of both the infinite element and wave envelope element schemes in determining the near field values of acoustical pressure. The wave envelope scheme is shown to be effective also in the far field. Both schemes use meshes an order of magnitude more sparse that would be required in conventional numerical discretizations, and may consequently be applied at modest computational cost.     

谱线强度表达式的推导

推导出发射光谱中辐射强度的新的表达式。原来的表达式不但繁琐,而且有一定的误差,为了便于讨论“解离电离因子”对辐射强度I_(mn)的影响,在考虑到电离应在解离之后进行的前提下,对I_(mn)表达式重新推导,这个新的表达式较原来的表达式简单、合理、便于讨论。     

Radiation grafting kinetics of HEMADGDA onto silastic in different atmospheres

The radiation grafting kinetics of HEMA, as well as that of the mixture monomers of HEMA and DGDA have been researched. The effects of radiation dose, dose rate, and temperature on grafting are systematically researched in different atmospheres. It has been found that grafting is different in different atmospheres. The findings show that the depth distribution of HEMA/ DGDA monomer units in grafting layer is nonuniform. At first, HEMA grafting is superior, in the later stage of grafting, however, DGDA grafting is increased. The temperature effect on grafting is great at the beginning, it is less in the later stage of grafting.     

Radiation study on polymer - matrix composite materials

The present study is on the effect of γ radiation on the electroconductivity of two polymer - matrix composite materials and their application.When the absorption dose came to the peak value dose 6×10⁴Gy, the electroconductivity of the graphite - PM-MA composite materials reached a peak value of 14 s · m^-1.The electroconductivity of the copper - PMMA composite material decreased with the increase of the absorption dose in the range of 4.0×10⁴ to 7.5×10⁴Gy and then kept stable at about 2.5×10^-5s · m^-1.The two composite materials were analysed by infrared spectrum, microphotography and XPS. The two composite materials are of amosphous structure. The two composite materials show excellent properties of polarogram. They can be used in polarographic analysis as solid electrode. Graphite - polymethyl methacrylate can be powdered and mixed with plastics, rubber or coating as antistatic electric material.     

Design and performance of a 2-D multi-wire position sensitive X-ray detector

A 2-D multi-wire position sensitive detector for X-ray diffraction and small angle X-ray scattering studies is described. The detector has an active area of 100 mm × 100 mm and consists of an anode plane with 10 μm SS wires at 3 mm spacing and a pair of orthogonal cathode readout planes with 25 μm SS wires placed at 1.5 mm spacing. The position information is obtained using charge division method and recorded using a laboratory built data acquisition system. The resolution and gas gain was measured for 5.9 keV X-rays (⁵⁵Fe-source) as a function of the anode wire voltage and gas pressure. It was observed that the proportional region of the PSD at 100 kPa pressure extended up to a high voltage value of around 1.5 kV and it shifted to high values up to 2 kV for gas pressure of 300 kPa. The energy resolution improved from 18% (FWHM) to 12% with increase in pressure. The spatial resolution of the PSD also showed improvement, with a value of 1.2 mm × 1.4 mm at 300 kPa gas pressure. A maximum gain of 5 × 10⁴ is obtained.     

托卡马克等离子体的热平衡特性与脱栏现象

本文利用欧姆加热条件下简化的能量平衡方程研究了热传导与杂质辐射的综合效应。首先指出边缘辐射带的建立与随半径增大而增大的K=nx模型紧密相关(x为电子热传导系数,n为等离子体密度),然后利用删削层中能量平衡关系确定边界温度,自洽地求解了能量平衡方程,得出的脱栏等离子体形成条件能较好地解释有关实验观察到的多种现象。     

“镭”光四射

Radium is a radioactive metal element. In the early period of its discovery, it was abused due to the lack of understanding, which led to many tragedies. In this paper, in a self-reported tone and anthropomorphic way, the discovery and extensive application of radium is briefly reviewed.     

FUZZY聚类在植物辐射育种上的应用——普通小麦品种辐射敏感性的FUZZY聚类分析(英文)

本研究将FUZZY聚类分析方法首次应用于辐射生物学和植物辐射育种,对普通小麦品种辐射敏感性作了FUZZY聚类分析.供试的小麦品种,按其对γ-射线的辐射敏感性强弱分为极敏感型、敏感型、中间型、迟钝型和极迟钝型五类.这一结果对小麦辐射育种工作中选择适宜的辐照材料、确定最佳的辐照剂量,从而提高辐射诱变效率具有重要的指导意义.研究还表明,采用FUZZY聚类分析对植物的品种辐射敏感性进行分类较其他方法具有更强的可靠性.     

THz Coherent Vavilov-Cherenkov Radiation in a Special Three-Mirror Cavity

In the modern science and technology a compact and having enough output power terahertz radiation source working in room temperature have earned great attention. This paper is devoted to utilize electron bunches stimulate Vavilov-Cherenkov Radiation (VCR) in a special three-mirror quasi-optical cavity to generate coherent THz waves. This novel three-mirror quasi-optical resonant cavity has the coaxial field pattern which enables field establish in this cavity effectively. The analytical theory of the radiation exited by a train of electron bunches in the special kind of three-mirror cavity has been carried out and the coherent VCR has been achieved by the computer simulation. All those shows that this method can be used to establish useful THz radiation source by the normal electron gun and the commonly used microwave devices.