AFM of Metallic Nano-Particles and Nano-Structures in Heavily Irradiated NaCl

AFM investigations are reported for heavily, electron irradiated NaCl crystals in ultra high vacuum (UHV) in the non-contact mode with an UHV AFM/STM Omicron system. To avoid chemical reactions between the radiolytic Na and oxygen and water, the irradiated samples were cleaved and prepared for the experiments in UHV. At the surface of freshly cleaved samples, we have observed sodium nano-precipitates with shapes, which depend on the irradiation dose and the volume fraction of the radiolytic Na. It appears that the nano-struchires consist of (i) isolated nano-particles, (ii) more or less random aggregates of these particles, (iii) fractally shaped networks and (iv) “fabrics” consisting of bundles of Quasi-1D arrays forming polymeric networks of nano-particles. Almost independent of the concentration of the metallic Na in the samples the size of the individual nano-particles is in the range 1–3nm. Our new AFM results are fully in line with our CESR and previous Raman scattering results.     

Radiation-induced degradation of solid fluorene

Degradation of γ-irradiated solid fluorene with different γ-ray doses was investigated in the present work. Dissolution of the γ-irradiated fluorene in aqueous-methanol solution led to the formation of new products as a result of chemical interaction between the trapped electrons and fragments in the host lattice of fluorene with solvent molecules and ions. The new products were identified and separated by UV-Vis., GC/MS and NMR spectroscopy and separated by High Performance Liquid (HPL) chromatography. The new products were identified to be 1,vinyl-cyclopentene, 1,8-napthalenedicarboxylic acid and furan. For explanation of the results, probable reaction mechanisms are given.     

Effect of PTFE irradiation above the melting point on ITS porosity

XRD crystallinity and density of PTFE produced by suspension polymerization were investigated after its irradiation above the melting point as a function of absorbed dose. Comparison of behavior of these two parameters with adsorbed dose revealed that original PTFE is highly porous, the irradiation decreasing substantially its porosity. A qualitative model of pore shrinking in PTFE during irradiation above the melting point was proposed, considering a viscous flow produced by surface tension.     

Affinity Adsorption of Bilirubin on Cibacron Blue F3GA-modified Microporous Polytetrafluoroethylene Capillary

Bilirubin removal from human plasma was obtained via an affinity microporous polytetrafluoroethylene(MPTFE) capillary.The new adsorbent comprised grafted glycidyl methacrylate(GMA) via radiation-induced polymerization as hydrophilic coating and reactive sites;ethylenediamine(EDA) as a spacer arm;Cibacron Blue F3GA(CB F3GA) as an affinity ligand;MPTFE capillary as the supporting matrix.The average density of CB F3GA attachment to MPTFE capillaries was found to be 136.5 μmol/g.The capacity of bilirubin adsorbed on affinity MPTFE capillaries is 76.1 mg bilirubin/g polymer(at 25°C).This new adsorbent has advantages over both membrane and traditional micro-column,and this system is stable and easy to operate.The results of blood tests suggest the CB F3GA affinity capillary has good blood compatibility.     

Electrochemical properties and square-wave voltammetric determination of pravastatin

The electrochemical reduction and adsorptive voltammetric behaviour of pravastatin have been studied by means of cyclic and square-wave voltammetry at a hanging mercury-drop electrode in electrolytes of different pH. Within the entire pH range (2.0–9.0) in Britton–Robinson buffer, pravastatin gave rise to a single voltammetric peak in the potential interval from −1.22 to −1.44 V, depending on pravastatin concentration. It was found that the reduction of pravastatin proceeds via a relatively stable intermediate, which is transformed to the final electroinactive product by a coupled chemical reaction or can be re-oxidized back to pravastatin. The rate of chemical transformation is controlled by the proton concentration. The electrode mechanism has the properties of a surface redox reaction. A sensitive analytical method for trace analysis of pravastatin based on the adsorptive stripping technique has been developed. The calibration plot was linear in the range 8×10⁻⁸–5×10⁻⁷ mol L⁻¹. Application of the square-wave voltammetric method to determination of pravastatin in a pharmaceutical dosage form, without sample pretreatment, resulted in acceptable deviation from the stated concentration.     

Kinetic spectrophotometric determination of amodiaquine and chloroquine

Abstract  Two simple, sensitive, and selective spectrophotometric methods were developed for determining amodiaquine (AQ) and chloroquine (CQ) based on their oxidation with potassium iodate and potassium bromate, respectively. The initial rates of oxidation of AQ and CQ were monitored at 342 and 343 nm, the wavelengths of maximum absorptions of the two drugs. The various experimental parameters affecting oxidation reactions were thoroughly studied and optimized. Beer’s law was obeyed for 0.2–4.0 and 0.5–5.0 μg cm⁻³, with correlation coefficients of 0.9999 and 0.9998 (n = 6) and a detection limit (based on the 3S _b -criterion) of 0.04 and 0.06 μg cm⁻³ for AQ and CQ. The proposed methods were conveniently applied to determining AQ and CQ in pure and dosage forms. Graphical abstract        

通过辐射交联提高PLA/纤维复合材料的耐热性能

通过热加工的方法制备了一系列含三烯丙基异氰脲酸脂(TAIC)的PLA/纤维复合材料,并在氮气保护下用γ射线诱导发生辐射交联反应.通过热变形温度实验表明辐射交联后,复合材料的热变形温度(HDT)都有提高,特别是当纤维质量分数超过20%时,即使在很小的吸收剂量下,复合材料的HDT从60℃左右大幅提高到120℃以上.HDT的提高只与纤维的含量有关而与纤维种类无关.凝胶抽提与红外光谱实验结果表明,复合材料在辐射后所形成的复杂交联结构,可能是导致其HDT大幅提高的重要原因.     

Generalized approximation method for heat radiation equations

Generalized approximation technique for the solution of heat transfer problem of the type

     

A comprehensive profile of DNA copy number variations in a Korean population: identification of copy number invariant regions among Koreans

To examine copy number variations among the Korean population, we compared individual genomes with the Korean reference genome assembly using the publicly available Korean HapMap SNP 50 k chip data from 90 individuals. Korean individuals exhibited 123 copy number variation regions (CNVRs) covering 27.2 mb, equivalent to 1.0% of the genome in the copy number variation (CNV) analysis using the combined criteria of P value (P < 0.01) and standard deviation of copy numbers (SD ≥ 0.25) among study subjects. In contrast, when compared to the Affymetrix reference genome assembly from multiple ethnic groups, considerably more CNVRs (n = 643) were detected in larger proportions (5.0%) of the genome covering 135.1 mb even by more stringent criteria (P < 0.001 and SD ≥ 0.25), reflecting ethnic diversity of structural variations between Korean and other populations. Some CNVRs were validated by the quantitative multiplex PCR of short fluorescent fragment (QMPSF) method, and then copy number invariant regions were detected among the study subjects. These copy number invariant regions would be used as good internal controls for further CNV studies. Lastly, we demonstrated that the CNV information could stratify even a single ethnic population with a proper reference genome assembly from multiple heterogeneous populations.     

微型X射线数字成像系统的测试与应用

研制了一套采用X射线敏感CCD作为成像探测器的微型数字成像系统并用于牙科诊断。应用牙齿模型与分辨率测试卡对系统的辐射剂量和分辨率进行了测试,采用分段线性校正对CCD与转换屏耦合下的响应不均匀性进行校正,并通过计算线性相关系数辨别瑕疵像元以避免误判。测试了系统在高分辨率、小工作幅面X射线检测方面的应用效果。结果显示,系统分辨率高于10lp/mm,在获得相近对比度图像的条件下,所需的辐射剂量仅为胶片的10%,图像非均匀性相对校正前可降低27.5%。得到的结果表明,系统满足高分辨率、低辐射剂量的使用要求,在微小物体X射线检测方面具有较大的应用潜力。