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51.
Willem Waegeman Bernard De Baets Luc Boullart 《4OR: A Quarterly Journal of Operations Research》2009,7(2):169-189
The mathematical representation of human preferences has been a subject of study for researchers in different fields. In multi-criteria
decision making (MCDM) and fuzzy modeling, preference models are typically constructed by interacting with the human decision
maker (DM). However, it is known that a DM often has difficulties to specify precise values for certain parameters of the
model. He/she instead feels more comfortable to give holistic judgements for some of the alternatives. Inference and elicitation
procedures then assist the DM to find a satisfactory model and to assess unjudged alternatives. In a related but more statistical
way, machine learning algorithms can also infer preference models with similar setups and purposes, but here less interaction
with the DM is required/allowed. In this article we discuss the main differences between both types of inference and, in particular,
we present a hybrid approach that combines the best of both worlds. This approach consists of a very general kernel-based
framework for constructing and inferring preference models. Additive models, for which interpretability is preserved, and
utility models can be considered as special cases. Besides generality, important benefits of this approach are its robustness
to noise and good scalability. We show in detail how this framework can be utilized to aggregate single-criterion outranking
relations, resulting in a flexible class of preference models for which domain knowledge can be specified by a DM.
相似文献
52.
This paper extends data envelopment analysis (DEA) with preference structure by fully considering the substitution effects among different inputs or outputs. When the unit cost and price information on inputs and outputs are available, the generalized weighted CCR (GWCCR) models proposed in this paper can provide some scalar values for measuring the overall inefficiency. It is found that the GWCCR models focus on the relative aspects of overall inefficiency instead of the absolute aspects focused on by the weighted additive DEA model. 相似文献
53.
Tapio Pahikkala Willem Waegeman Evgeni Tsivtsivadze Tapio Salakoski Bernard De Baets 《European Journal of Operational Research》2010
In different fields like decision making, psychology, game theory and biology, it has been observed that paired-comparison data like preference relations defined by humans and animals can be intransitive. Intransitive relations cannot be modeled with existing machine learning methods like ranking models, because these models exhibit strong transitivity properties. More specifically, in a stochastic context, where often the reciprocity property characterizes probabilistic relations such as choice probabilities, it has been formally shown that ranking models always satisfy the well-known strong stochastic transitivity property. Given this limitation of ranking models, we present a new kernel function that together with the regularized least-squares algorithm is capable of inferring intransitive reciprocal relations in problems where transitivity violations cannot be considered as noise. In this approach it is the kernel function that defines the transition from learning transitive to learning intransitive relations, and the Kronecker-product is introduced for representing the latter type of relations. In addition, we empirically demonstrate on two benchmark problems, one in game theory and one in theoretical biology, that our algorithm outperforms methods not capable of learning intransitive reciprocal relations. 相似文献
54.
Yew-Kwang Ng 《Mathematical Social Sciences》1980,1(1):51-68
After noting factors (concern for others, ignorance, irrationality) accounting for the divergences between preference and happiness, the question of representing the preference of an individual by a utility function is discussed, taking account of lexicographic ordering, imperfect discrimination and the corresponding concepts of semiorder and sub-semiorder. Methods to improve upon the interpersonal comparability of measures of happiness such as pinning down the dividing line of zero happiness and the use of a just perceivable increment of happiness are discussed. The relation of social welfare to individual welfare (i.e. happiness) is then considered. Some reasonable set of axioms ensuring that social welfare is a separable function of and indeed an unweighted sum of individual welfares are reviewed. Finally, happiness is regarded as a function of objective, institutional and subjective factors; an interdisciplinary approach is needed even for an incomplete analysis. 相似文献
55.
Claude Flament 《Mathematical Social Sciences》1983,5(1):61-72
Incomplete preference structures are composed of three relations: preference, indifference and incomparability. We survey some very recent works which model such structures, using interval orders or semi orders. Three approaches are proposed: first, in relation to comparability graph characterization; second, in relation to order dimension theory; and third, representation of the structures on the real line. 相似文献
56.
Peter H Farquhar 《Mathematical Social Sciences》1981,1(4):397-408
This paper presents a valence approach for assessing multiattribute utility functions. Unlike the decomposition approach which uses independence axioms on whole attributes to obtain utility representations, the valence approach partitions the elements of each attribute into classes on the basis of equivalent conditional preference orders. These partitions generate multivalent utility independence axioms that lead to additive-multiplicative and quasi-additive representation theorems for multiaatribute utility functions defined over product sets of equivalence classes. Preference interdependencies are thereby reflected in these classes, so attribute interactions are readily interpreted and the functional forms of the representations are kept simple. 相似文献
57.
We make a correction to the paper “How people make friends in social networking sites—A microscopic perspective”, Hu, H., Wang, X., Physica A, 391 (2012) 1877–1886. 相似文献
58.
We present a method called Generalized Regression with Intensities of Preference (GRIP) for ranking a finite set of actions evaluated on multiple criteria. GRIP builds a set of additive value functions compatible with preference information composed of a partial preorder and required intensities of preference on a subset of actions, called reference actions. It constructs not only the preference relation in the considered set of actions, but it also gives information about intensities of preference for pairs of actions from this set for a given decision maker (DM). Distinguishing necessary and possible consequences of preference information on the considered set of actions, GRIP answers questions of robustness analysis. The proposed methodology can be seen as an extension of the UTA method based on ordinal regression. GRIP can also be compared to the AHP method, which requires pairwise comparison of all actions and criteria, and yields a priority ranking of actions. As for the preference information being used, GRIP can be compared, moreover, to the MACBETH method which also takes into account a preference order of actions and intensity of preference for pairs of actions. The preference information used in GRIP does not need, however, to be complete: the DM is asked to provide comparisons of only those pairs of reference actions on particular criteria for which his/her judgment is sufficiently certain. This is an important advantage comparing to methods which, instead, require comparison of all possible pairs of actions on all the considered criteria. Moreover, GRIP works with a set of general additive value functions compatible with the preference information, while other methods use a single and less general value function, such as the weighted-sum. 相似文献
59.
60.
Scott L. Rosen Catherine M. Harmonosky Mark T. Traband 《European Journal of Operational Research》2007
Simulation optimization provides a structured approach to system design and configuration when analytical expressions for input/output relationships are unavailable. This research focuses on the development of a new simulation optimization technique applicable to systems having multiple performance measures. The aim of this research is to incorporate a simulation end user’s preference towards risk and uncertainty into the search process for the best decision alternative. Automation of the optimization procedure is a necessity. Therefore, this paper proposes a simulation optimization method that involves a preference model, specifically adapted for decision making with simulation models. 相似文献