精度与程度的逻辑或近似算子的性质

本文目的是探讨精度与程度的复合,探索新的粗糙集拓展模型.从精度与程度的逻辑或运算出发,定义了精度与程度的逻辑或粗糙集模型.在该模型中,通过变精度近似与程度近似的转化公式,研究了精度与程度的逻辑或近似算子,并得到了该近似算子的幂作用等性质.用精度与程度的逻辑或粗糙集模型统一了变精度粗糙集模型、程度粗糙集模型和经典粗糙集模型,并在这些粗糙集模型中得到了近似算子幂作用的相应性质.     

Bottom-up Solution Synthesis of Graphene Nanoribbons with Precisely Engineered Nanopores

The incorporation of nanopores into graphene nanostructures has been demonstrated as an efficient tool in tuning their band gaps and electronic structures. However, precisely embedding the uniform nanopores into graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) at the atomic level remains underdeveloped especially for in-solution synthesis due to the lack of efficient synthetic strategies. Herein we report the first case of solution-synthesized porous GNR ( pGNR ) with a fully conjugated backbone via the efficient Scholl reaction of tailor-made polyphenylene precursor ( P1 ) bearing pre-installed hexagonal nanopores. The resultant pGNR features periodic subnanometer pores with a uniform diameter of 0.6 nm and an adjacent-pores-distance of 1.7 nm. To solidify our design strategy, two porous model compounds ( 1 a , 1 b ) containing the same pore size as the shortcuts of pGNR , are successfully synthesized. The chemical structure and photophysical properties of pGNR are investigated by various spectroscopic analyses. Notably, the embedded periodic nanopores largely reduce the π-conjugation degree and alleviate the inter-ribbon π–π interactions, compared to the nonporous GNRs with similar widths, affording pGNR with a notably enlarged band gap and enhanced liquid-phase processability.     

Precision Graphene Nanoribbon Heterojunctions by Chain-Growth Polymerization

Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are considered promising candidates for next-generation nanoelectronics. In particular, GNR heterojunctions have received considerable attention due to their exotic topological electronic phases at the heterointerface. However, strategies for their precision synthesis remain at a nascent stage. Here, we report a novel chain-growth polymerization strategy that allows for constructing GNR heterojunction with N=9 armchair and chevron GNRs segments ( 9-AGNR/cGNR ). The synthesis involves a controlled Suzuki–Miyaura catalyst-transfer polymerization (SCTP) between 2-(6′-bromo-4,4′′-ditetradecyl-[1,1′:2′,1′′-terphenyl]-3′-yl) boronic ester ( M1 ) and 2-(7-bromo-9,12-diphenyl-10,11-bis(4-tetradecylphenyl)-triphenylene-2-yl) boronic ester ( M2 ), followed by the Scholl reaction of the obtained block copolymer ( poly-M1/M2 ) with controlled M_n (18 kDa) and narrow Đ (1.45). NMR and SEC analysis of poly-M1/M2 confirm the successful block copolymerization. The solution-mediated cyclodehydrogenation of poly-M1/M2 toward 9-AGNR/cGNR is unambiguously validated by FT-IR, Raman, and UV/Vis spectroscopies. Moreover, we also demonstrate the on-surface formation of pristine 9-AGNR/cGNR from the unsubstituted copolymer precursor, which is unambiguously characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM).     

Highly Efficient Circularly Polarized Luminescence from Chiral Au13 Clusters Stabilized by Enantiopure Monodentate NHC Ligands

Chiral Au nanoclusters have promising application prospects in chiral sensing, asymmetric catalysis, and chiroptics. However, enantiopure superatomic homogold clusters with crystallographic structures emitting bright circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) remain challenging. In this study, we designed chiral N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), and for the first time enantioselectively synthesized a pair of monovalent cationic superatomic Au₁₃ clusters. This new enantiomeric pair of clusters has a quasi-C₂ symmetric core and exhibited CPL with an unprecedent solution-state quantum yield (QY) of 61 % among those of the atomically precise Au nanoclusters. DFT calculations provided insights into the circular dichroism behavior, and revealed the origin of CPL from superatomic Au clusters. This work opens a new avenue for developing novel homochiral nanoclusters using chiral NHC ligands and provides fundamental understanding of the origin of the chiroptics of metal clusters.     

精密离心机动态半径的定位测量技术研究

精密离心机动态半径是影响精密离心机输出加速度精度的主要参数。对于高精度精密离心机的研制,必须对动态半径进行精密测量,并将测量结果作为补偿分量加入到精密离心机输出加速度修正数学模型中,以获得精确的加速度信号,同时为精密离心机输出加速度的精确评定奠定基础。本文介绍了精密离心机动态半径的外基准定位测试技术,包括多个定位平台的定位测试技术论证、测试系统配置等。该方法已应用于某高精度精密离心机动态半径测量中,实测结果表明,采用这种测量方法,动态半径的测量标准差为σ=0.21μm,其测量精度满足高精度精密离心机研制的技术指标要求。     

Platinum-group element concentrations in BCR-723: a quantitative review of published analyses

BCR-723 is the only environmental certified reference material for platinum-group elements (PGEs) Pt, Pd and Rh. It has been an integral component of quality control/quality assurance procedures in environmental laboratories measuring PGEs, since 2001. Here, we present an extensive quantitative review of the published PGEs measured in BCR-723, since its introduction. A statistical examination of concentrations, measurement precision and accuracy for 25 studies is presented. Measurement typically starts with an aqua regia digestion, followed by some form of pre-concentration or separation procedure, and quantitation by ICP-MS. Use of a sample mass below the recommended value of 100 mg has been shown to produce biased results for acid-based digestions or with laser ablation. Platinum is the most precisely and accurately measured PGE in BCR-723, followed by Rh, and finally by Pd. Literature precision data for all autocatalyst PGEs did not differ significantly (α = 0.05) from those obtained by the original laboratories used to certify BCR-723. Measurement accuracies for the literature tabulated PGE data did not differ significantly from zero, indicating an overall lack of directional bias. These results should be encouraging to the analytical community, but further advancements, especially for Pd quantification are required.     

亚千赫兹精度的腔增强分子饱和吸收光谱

饱和吸收光谱法常被用于原子和分子跃迁的亚多普勒测量。光学谐振腔除了可增强有效吸收光程,还能够增加腔内的激光功率来饱和非常弱的分子振转跃迁.本文利用精细度达120000的谐振腔,通过腔增强光谱、腔衰荡光谱、噪声免疫腔增强光外差分子光谱这三种不同的腔增强方法,测量1.4μm处的C_2H_2分子兰姆凹陷.采用不同的腔增强方法确定吸收谱线中心,均给出了亚千赫兹的统计不确定度.并分析比较了不同方法的灵敏度和精度,噪声免疫腔增强光外差分子光谱是最灵敏的方法,但如果期望利用它实现亚千赫兹精度的计量应用,还需要对该方法中的系统误差进行更多的研究.     

Finite element modelling of cold drawing for high-precision tubes

Cold tube drawing is a metal forming process that allows manufacturers to produce high-precision tubes. The dimensions of the tube are reduced by pulling it through a conical converging die with or without inner tool. In this study, finite element modelling has been used to give a better understanding of the process.This paper presents a model that predicts the final dimensions of the tube with very high accuracy. It is validated thanks to experimental tests. Moreover, five studies are performed with this model, such as investigating the influence of the die angle on the drawing force or the influence of relative thickness on tube deformation.