Use of intermittent jets to enhance flux in crossflow filtration

This paper deals with the influence of a new flow unsteadiness on the permeate fluxes in crossflow filtration. A pneumatically controlled valve generates intermittent jets from the main flow, causing the formation of large vortices moving downstream along the tubular membrane. The main results of the numerical calculation of such flows are given. The experimental study was carried out by filtering a bentonite suspension through an ultrafiltration mineral membrane. Time evolutions of flux were achieved in steady and unsteady operating conditions. Results concerning the influence and limits of the nozzle to tube diameter ratio and the jet velocities are discussed. The applicability of such an unsteady flow is examined with a view to effects on energy consumption and possible viscosity effects.     

Extraordinary NO2 Removal by the Metal–Organic Framework UiO‐66‐NH2

Here we discuss the removal of nitrogen dioxide, an important toxic industrial chemical and pollutant, from air using the MOF UiO‐66‐NH₂. The amine group is found to substantially aid in the removal, resulting in unprecedented removal capacities upwards of 1.4 g of NO₂ /g of MOF. Furthermore, whereas NO₂ typically generates substantial quantities of NO on sorbents, the amount generated by UiO‐66‐NH₂ is significantly reduced. Of particular significance is the formation of a diazonium ion on the aromatic ring of the MOF, and the potential reduction of NO₂ to molecular nitrogen.     

Rapid and Efficient Separation of Oil from Oil‐in‐Water Emulsions Using a Janus Cotton Fabric

A novel bi‐functional Janus cotton fabric is used to separate oil from oil‐in‐water emulsions. This fabric is superhydrophobic on one surface and polyamine‐bearing on the other. When used as a filter, the polyamine‐bearing side causes the micrometer‐sized oil droplets to coalesce. The coalesced oil then fills fabric pores on the superhydrophobic side and selectively permeates it. Oil separation using this method is rapid and the separated oil is pure. Furthermore, the content of the model oil hexadecane (HD) in water after a separation can be reduced to less than 0.03±0.03 vol %. These features demonstrate the practical potential of this technology.     

静电纺丝法制备新型吸附分离材料

随着现代经济、工业的发展,许多环境问题出现在了人类面前,对于新型吸附分离材料的需求也变得十分迫切。静电纺丝法是一种简单有效制备连续纳米长丝的技术,有着十分广阔的应用前景。由于静电纺丝法制备的纤维膜具有较大的比表面积、易于调控的微观结构及化学性质,静电纺丝法能够用于制备新型的吸附分离材料。本文对电纺纤维膜的制备与改性,以及电纺纤维膜在空气过滤、油水分离、重金属离子去除等领域的应用进行了介绍,同时对其未来的发展进行了展望。     

交联-羧甲基复合变性淀粉的流变与降失水性能

以马铃薯淀粉和氯乙酸为主要原料,通过交联-醚化制备了交联-羧甲基复合变性淀粉(CCMS),考察了所得CCMS糊液的流变性能和在钻井泥浆中的降滤失水性能,并对其降失水原理进行了探讨。结果表明,在质量分数为0.5%~4.0%、温度为20~60℃的实验条件下,CCMS糊液表现为假塑性流体特征,符合Ostwald-Dewaele的经验公式ηa=Kγn-1;将CCMS与中粘羧甲基纤维素(MV-CMC)进行对比实验,结果发现,在饱和盐水泥浆和4%盐水泥浆中,当其用量分别为MV-CMC质量分数的57%和75%时,就可达到钻井液用MV-CMC的增粘、降滤失水性能指标。     

Flux decline behaviors in dead-end microfiltration of activated sludge and its supernatant

The properties of dead-end microfiltration were explored under constant pressure using two types of activated sludge controlled under the condition of different air flow rates. The activated sludge cultured at the air flow rate of 0.15 L min⁻¹ (the anaerobic condition) exhibited a significant flux decline compared with the case of the air flow rate of 2.33 L min⁻¹ (the aerobic condition). It was found from the results of microfiltration of the supernatant separated by centrifugation that the constituents in the supernatant caused a major cake resistance in microfiltration of the activated sludge. The average specific filtration resistance for filtration of the activated sludge was closely consistent with that for filtration of the supernatant at low pressure (49 kPa). However, the cake resistance of the microbial floc in microfiltration of the activated sludge became substantial with increasing filtration pressure because of high compressibility of the microbial floc. Moreover, the foulant and the fouling mechanism in microfiltration of the supernatant were evaluated from both microfiltration test of the supernatant and microfiltration test of the filtrate collected thereby. As a result, the effects of the pore size and material of the microfiltration membrane on the flux decline behaviors in dead-end microfiltration were reasonably elucidated.     

批量离子交换层析和凝胶过滤层析在类人胶原蛋白I纯化中的应用

研究了利用批量离子交换层析与凝胶过滤层析相结合的方法纯化类人胶原蛋白I的最佳条件。分别考察了不同离子交换树脂、缓冲溶液pH、离子强度、进料蛋白浓度对批量离子交换的影响,以及不同凝胶过滤介质对凝胶过滤层析的影响。结果表明,采用阴离子交换树脂DEAE52吸附杂蛋白,缓冲液pH为7.0,NaCl浓度为0.2mol/L,进料蛋白浓度为40mg/mL,并采用凝胶过滤介质SephadexG-100进一步纯化后,类人胶原蛋白I的纯度可达到98.2%,总纯化倍数为3.1,总回收率为80.6%。SDS-PAGE分子量分析和N末端氨基酸序列分析均表明纯化后的类人胶原蛋白I与基因设计一致。     

Application of HPLC to measure vanadium in environmental,biological and clinical matrices

Vanadate and vanadium compounds exist in many environmental, biological and clinical matrices, and despite the need only limited progress has been made on the analysis of vanadium compounds. The vanadium coordination chemistry of different oxidation states is known, and the result of the characterization and speciation analysis depends on the subsequent chemistry and the methods of analysis. Many studies have used a range of methods for the characterization and determination of metal ions in a variety of materials. One successful technique is high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) that has been used mainly for measuring total vanadium level and metal speciation. Some cases have been reported where complexes of different oxidation states of vanadium have been separated by HPLC. Specifically reversed phase (RP) HPLC has frequently been used for the measurement of vanadium. Other HPLC methods such as normal phase, anion-exchange, cation-exchange, size exclusion and other RP-HPLC modes such as, ion-pair and micellar have been used to separate selected vanadium compounds. We will present a review that summarizes and critically analyzes the reported methods for analysis of vanadium salts and vanadium compounds in different sample matrices. We will compare various HPLC methods and modes including sample preparation, chelating reagents, mobile phase and detection methods. The comparison will allow us to identify the best analytical HPLC method and mode for measuring vanadium levels and what information such methods provide with regard to speciation and quantitation of the vanadium compounds.     

高效凝胶过滤色谱填料KH-s-GFC300的合成与评价

以碱溶法制备的高孔隙度硅胶为基质,与γ-环氧丙基丙氧基三甲氧基硅烷配基进行共价键合,经过酸性水解,使其转化为二醇基,制成了高效亲水凝胶色谱填料。键合反应中采用70 ℃回流冷凝管,使生成的甲醇可顺利地排到体系外,促使反应向有利于键合的方向进行,以获得较高的配基密度。研究表明,水解反应条件与配基密度以及柱效密切相关。当配基密度为2.6~3.5 μmol/m2时,才能显示出较高的柱效。蛋白质分离实验结果显示,此填料的相对分子质量排阻极限为300000,牛血清白蛋白的回收率为99％。     

Slice filtration on motives and the Hodge conjecture (with an appendix by J. Ayoub)

We clarify the expected properties of the slice filtration on triangulated motives from the point of view of the generalized Hodge conjecture. In the appendix, J. Ayoub proves unconditionally that the slice filtration does not respect geometric motives. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)