首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   8467篇
  免费   705篇
  国内免费   771篇
化学   2520篇
晶体学   93篇
力学   469篇
综合类   141篇
数学   4581篇
物理学   2139篇
  2023年   62篇
  2022年   173篇
  2021年   210篇
  2020年   270篇
  2019年   226篇
  2018年   241篇
  2017年   228篇
  2016年   309篇
  2015年   224篇
  2014年   394篇
  2013年   688篇
  2012年   366篇
  2011年   433篇
  2010年   379篇
  2009年   475篇
  2008年   521篇
  2007年   576篇
  2006年   452篇
  2005年   398篇
  2004年   377篇
  2003年   391篇
  2002年   308篇
  2001年   280篇
  2000年   248篇
  1999年   222篇
  1998年   198篇
  1997年   167篇
  1996年   170篇
  1995年   127篇
  1994年   118篇
  1993年   82篇
  1992年   67篇
  1991年   61篇
  1990年   53篇
  1989年   43篇
  1988年   53篇
  1987年   37篇
  1986年   28篇
  1985年   46篇
  1984年   35篇
  1983年   21篇
  1982年   35篇
  1981年   22篇
  1980年   12篇
  1979年   28篇
  1978年   19篇
  1977年   23篇
  1976年   20篇
  1975年   6篇
  1973年   9篇
排序方式: 共有9943条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
171.
Recent progresses of molecular imprinting in metal oxide matrices were summarized. Application of the surface sol-gel process to mixtures of organic carboxylic acids and titanium alkoxide provides ultrathin layers of titania gel (10-20 nm thick), in which molecule-sized cavities are kept intact upon removal of the organic templates. The imprinted cavity reflects the structural and functional features of the template molecule, and the enantioselective imprinting of dipeptide isomers is observed. Robustness and flexibility of the ultrathin titania layer is demonstrated by the formation of interconnected titania hollow structures. Possible practical applications and unsolved problems of this technique are discussed.  相似文献   
172.
酚醛树脂固化过程的红外光谱分析   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
利用红外光谱(IR)及其变温样品池、定量分析程序对酚醛树脂固化过程中的结构变化进行了研究,它对于酚醛树脂固化过程的质量控制具有重要意义。  相似文献   
173.
Metal foams, now one of research foci, are a newclass of materials with low densities and novel physi-cal, mechanical, thermal, electrical and acoustic prop-erties[1—8]. Demands from high-tech make Al alloyfoam, which has much higher specific strength than ofpure Al foam, the new development focus[9—11]. Melt foaming process is one of the approaches tofabricate Al foam and Al alloy foam and their porestructure (pore diameter and porosity) has close rela-tionship with the thermal decompo…  相似文献   
174.
Hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC)–titania hybrid thin films were prepared by sol–gel method where titanium tetraisopropoxide Ti(OC3H7 i )4 was hydrolyzed under acidic conditions in the presence of HPC, followed by dip-coating and drying at 120 °C for 24 h. The viscosity average molecular weight of HPC was 55,000–70,000 or 110,000–150,000, and the TiO2/(HPC + TiO2) mass ratio ranged from 0 to 1, which was calculated on the assumption that all Ti(OC3H7 i )4 is converted into TiO2. The films were 0.35–1.0 μm thick, transparent in visible region and opaque in ultraviolet (UV) region, where the optical absorption coefficient in UV region increased with increasing titania content. The refractive index increased with increasing titania content, ranging from 1.6 to 1.8 for the hybrid thin films. The pencil hardness increased from 6B to 5H, the durability in hot water significantly increased and the contact angle of water on films increased from 35° to 89° with increasing titania content. Crack-free films could be deposited on organic polymer substrates irrespective of titania or HPC contents, where cracking did not occur at higher HPC contents even when the substrate was bent.  相似文献   
175.
In this paper are described the main characteristics of the plasma spraying process of alumina deposits, i.e., the temperature and flow field of the plasma jets obtained with the classical spraying torches, the injection of the particles into the plasma jet, the particle surface temperature and velocities in the plasma (measured for calibrated alumina particles), and the coating generation. The measurements on the alumina particles are compared with the predictions of a mathematical model. The experimental and computed particle velocities are in rather good agreement. However, this is not the case for the particle surface temperature. Possible reasons for the discrepancy are proposed (influence of the carrier gas, thermophoretic forces, and poor penetration of the particles into the plasma core even for an injection velocity twice that of the optimal calculated one, as shown by recent measurements). Finally the correlations between the particle velocities and surface temperature, and the properties of the alumina coating (porosity, crystal structure, mechanical properties) are studied.  相似文献   
176.
A novel algorithm is proposed for the fixed-node quantum Monte Carlo (FNQMC) method.In contrast to previous procedures,its "guiding function" is not optimized prior to diffusion quantum Monte Carlo (DMC) computation but synchronistically in the diffusion process The new algorithm can not only save CPU time,but also make both of the optimization and diffusion carried out according to the same sampling fashion,reaching the goal to improve each other This new optimizing procedure converges super-linearly,and thus can accelerate the particle diffusion During the diffusion process,the node of the "guiding function" changes incessantly,which is conducible to reducing the "fixed-node error" The new algorithm has been used to calculate the total energies of states X3B1 and a1A1 of CH2 as well as π-X2B1 and λ-2A1 of NH2 The singlet-triplet energy splitting (λEsT) in CH2 and π energy splitting in NH2 obtained with this present method are (45 542±1.840) and (141.644±1.589) kJ/mol,respectively The calculated  相似文献   
177.
 Cationic hydrophilic copolymer latexes were synthesized at 70 °C either by batch or two-step emulsifier-free emulsion poly-merization of styrene (St), N-iso-propylacrylamide (NIPAM), and aminoethylmethacrylate hydro-chloride (AEM) using 2,2′-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride as initiator. At first, batch polymerization kinetics were followed by gas chromatography (GC), revealing that NIPAM rapidly homopolymerized, before the polymerization of styrene had started. Particle size analysis by quasi-elastic light scattering (QELS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that monodispersed particles were obtained with the formation of a poly[NIPAM] rich shell. Adding a small amount of the cationic monomer caused a strong decrease of the particle size without affecting the size monodispersity. When a shot process was used, a narrow particle size distribution was maintained, provided that the monomer addition was performed at a relatively high conversion of the first batch step. The poly[NIPAM] rich shell layer was larger with the shot process, but increasing the amino-containing monomer in the recipe resulted in a dramatic decrease of the thickness. Combination of transmission, scanning and atomic force microscopy techniques showed that these hydrophilic particles exhibited odd-shaped structures, the unevenness being dependent upon the performed process. Kinetic data and particle morphology information were inferred for discussion of the polymerization mechanism of this system. Received: 21 August 1997 Accepted: 22 October 1997  相似文献   
178.
This article examines the current status of Markov processes in single molecule fluorescence. For molecular dynamics to be described by a Markov process, the Markov process must include all states involved in the dynamics and the first-passage time (FPT) distributions out of those states must be describable by a simple exponential law. The observation of non-exponential FPT distributions or other evidence of non-Markovian dynamics is common in single molecule studies and offers an opportunity to expand the Markov model to include new dynamics or states that improve understanding of the system.  相似文献   
179.
The reactions of fluoroalkanesulfonyl azides RfSO2N31 with N-alkylindoles 2 have been studied in detail. It was found that both solvent and the amount of the azides seriously affected the product distribution. 1 reacted with equimolar of 2 in ether or 1,4-dioxane affording 2-(N-substituted-indolinylidene)fluoroalkane sulfonylimines 3 as major product; While, treatment of 2 with 2 equiv. of 1 in ethanol, an unexpected product N-substituted-2-fluoroalkanesulfonimino-3-diazo-indolines 4 were obtained in good yield. The reaction mechanism was discussed.  相似文献   
180.
本文发展了一套分析处理分子束光解反应实验中二级分解产物飞行谱的方法, 它改进了Kroger和Riley的最初讨论。本文表明许多重要的信息都可以从高度平均的实验数据中得出。这包括二级分解产物的平均平动能分布、空间各向异性参数、平行竞争通道间的反应比。模拟的结果可以表现二级分解反应的一些主要特征。  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号