子图识别的层分解方法

子图识别问题(SRP)就是在一个图G中确定并寻找是否存在和另一个图H相同构的子图．本文将引入图的层分解概念，并以此为基础建立识别图的同构子图的算法．该算法的复杂性为O(n(△-1)^k-1)，其中△是图G的度，即G中点的最大度，n，k分别是图G，H的阶．     

On the Maximum Number of Cliques in a Graph

A clique is a set of pairwise adjacent vertices in a graph. We determine the maximum number of cliques in a graph for the following graph classes: (1) graphs with n vertices and m edges; (2) graphs with n vertices, m edges, and maximum degree Δ; (3) d-degenerate graphs with n vertices and m edges; (4) planar graphs with n vertices and m edges; and (5) graphs with n vertices and no K₅-minor or no K_3,3-minor. For example, the maximum number of cliques in a planar graph with n vertices is 8(n − 2). Research supported by a Marie Curie Fellowship of the European Community under contract 023865, and by the projects MCYT-FEDER BFM2003-00368 and Gen. Cat 2001SGR00224.     

A nearfield-free definition of regular Hughes planes and some embeddings of PG(3,q) in Hughes planes of order q 4

We give a nearfield-free definition of some finite and infinite incidence systems by means of half-points and half-lines and show that they are projective planes. We determine a planar ternary ring for these planes and use it to determine the full collineation group and to demonstrate some embeddings of these planes among themselves. We show that these planes include all finite regular Hughes planes and many infinite ones. We also show that PG(3, q) embeds in Hu(q ⁴) (and show infinite versions of this embedding). Dan Hughes 80th Birthday.     

Eliminating the Interference of Ascorbic Acid and Uric Acid to the Amperometric Glucose Biosensor by Cation Exchangers Membrane and Size Exclusion Membrane

The characteristics of a multiuse planar amperometric biosensor modified with Nafion and/or polyion membrane were investigated. A new enzyme immobilization process was proposed, in which the polyvinyl alcohol bearing a styrylpyridinium (SbQ)/glucose oxidase composite was treated with glutaraldehyde vapor prior to the photocrosslinking reaction. The resulting planar enzyme electrode remains active for at least 150 days. Compared with poly‐L ‐lysine/poly (4‐stryenesulfonate) polyion complex membrane the Nafion membrane showed marked effect to reduce the electrochemical response of the modified planar enzyme electrode to the biological interferents, such as ascorbic acid and uric acid. Furthermore, Nafion membrane can effective restricting the oxidized anionic interferent to adhear on its surface, thereby the fouling of the electrode was avoided.     

An Iterative Procedure for Evaluating Digraph Competitions

A competition which is based on the results of (partial) pairwise comparisons can be modelled by means of a directed graph. Given initial weights on the nodes in such digraph competitions, we view the measurement of the importance (i.e., the cardinal ranking) of the nodes as an allocation problem where we redistribute the initial weights on the basis of insights from cooperative game theory. After describing the resulting procedure of redistributing the initial weights, an iterative process is described that repeats this procedure: at each step the allocation obtained in the previous step determines the new input weights. Existence and uniqueness of the limit is established for arbitrary digraphs. Applications to the evaluation of, e.g., sport competitions and paired comparison experiments are discussed.     

A Novel Feeding Scheme for Bandwidth Enhancement of Suspended Planar Antenna

A suspended planar antenna with a novel feeding structure is proposed for bandwidth enhancement. This feeding structure can provide extra degrees of freedom to tune the antenna for compensating for the large inductance induced by the long feeding probe. An impedance bandwidth of 56% for VSWR<2 is obtained. Simulated and measured results are compared and good agreements are observed.     

Mode competition in acousto-optically Q-switched planar waveguide lasers

Multi-mode rate equations have been developed to investigate mode competition in high-power acousto-optically Q-switched planar waveguide lasers. The mode competition arises from coupling effects and temporal losses in the transform between guided modes and free-space propagation. Pulse-to-pulse instability and temporal beam distortions are enlarged by mode competition when the laser works in the multi-mode regime. The influence of parasitic oscillation is also discussed. A Nd:YAG planar waveguide laser has been established with a folded hybrid/unstable resonator. A maximum average power of 83 W with a beam propagation factor is obtained. The theoretical simulation agrees well with the experimental observation.     

Improved method for loss measurements in planar waveguides

A method employing an isosceles prism and a right-angle one is developed for loss measurement in planar waveguides. During the measuring process, the isosceles prism is fixed and the right-angle prism fixed on the waveguide slides by following the waveguide. Only by adjusting the gap thickness we can realize the loss measurement in planar waveguides. The method is demonstrated with an Ag/Na ion-exchanged waveguide fabricated on BK7 glass from AgNO₃ melt diluted with NaNO₃ (mass ratio 1:9), with the condition of 4 h and . The experimental results show that the method has the advantages on convenient operation, accurate results and no required end polishing.     

Creeping flow of viscoplastic materials through a planar expansion followed by a contraction

In this work, the creeping flow of a viscoplastic fluid through a planar channel with an expansion followed by a contraction is analyzed numerically. The solution of the conservation equations of mass and momentum is obtained via the finite volume method. In order to model the non-Newtonian behavior of the fluid, it was used the generalized Newtonian fluid constitutive equation. The viscosity function was the one proposed by Souza Mendes and Dutra [Souza Mendes, P.R., Dutra, E.S.S., 2004. Viscosity function for yield-stress liquids. Appl. Rheol. 14, 296–302]. The yielded and unyielded regions are obtained for several combinations of rheological parameters. The influence of these parameters on pressure drop through the cavity is also obtained and analyzed.     

Development of the large increment method for elastic perfectly plastic analysis of plane frame structures under monotonic loading

The displacement-based finite element method dominates current practice for material nonlinear analysis of structures. However, there are several characteristics that may limit the effectiveness of this approach. In particular, for elastoplastic analysis, the displacement method relies upon a step-by-step incremental approach stemming from flow theory and also requires significant mesh refinement to resolve behavior in plastic zones. This leads to computational inefficiencies that, in turn, encourage the reconsideration of force-based approaches for elastoplastic problems.One of these force algorithms that has been recently developed is the large increment method. The main advantage of the flexibility-based large increment method (LIM) over the displacement method is that it separates the global equilibrium and compatibility equations from the local constitutive relations. Consequently, LIM can reach the solution in one large increment or in a few large steps, thus, avoiding the development of cumulative errors. This paper discusses the extension of the large increment methodology for the nonlinear analysis of plane frame structures controlled by an elastic, perfectly plastic material model. The discussion focuses on the power of LIM to handle these nonlinear problems, especially when plastic hinges form in the frame and ultimately as the structure approaches the collapse stage. Illustrative planar frame examples are presented and the results are compared with those obtained from a standard displacement method.