湖南生产服务业与先进装备制造业产业发展关系研究

以投入产出模型为基础,计算出湖南省生产服务业与先进装备制造业这两行业与各分行业的直接消耗系数、完全消耗系数、感应度系数和影响力系数.研究表明：先进装备制造业消耗力度大于生产服务业,但二者消耗水平均远低于发达国家,先进装备制造业对生产服务业的需求推动力和影响力较强,生产服务业的传统服务部门对产业发展推力较强,但资本、知识密集型生产服务部门作用正日益凸显,创新型部门则有待进一步发展.基于上述结论,提出了以生产服务业促进先进装备制造业发展,以先进装备制造业推动生产服务业发展的政策建议.     

INVESTIGATING TAX DISTORTIONS: AN APPLIED MODEL OF PETROLEUM EXPLORATION AND EXTRACTION DECISIONS

Abstract A numerical model is proposed for the testing of distortions caused by petroleum fiscal systems on the exploration and extraction activities of a profit‐maximizing firm. Traditional models have not been capable of testing for the distortions caused by the complex tax structures most often used by governments. Two tax combinations, as well as certain other taxes, are analyzed for distortions in the model. The model is parameterized using generic data because specific jurisdictions are not considered. The distortions due to rentals and royalties are as expected by theory. Property taxes show a new distortion result where production tilting is ambiguous.     

Dynamic decision making for graphical models applied to oil exploration

We present a framework for sequential decision making in problems described by graphical models. The setting is given by dependent discrete random variables with associated costs or revenues. In our examples, the dependent variables are the potential outcomes (oil, gas or dry) when drilling a petroleum well. The goal is to develop an optimal selection strategy of wells that incorporates a chosen utility function within an approximated dynamic programming scheme. We propose and compare different approximations, from naive and myopic heuristics to more complex look-ahead schemes, and we discuss their computational properties. We apply these strategies to oil exploration over multiple prospects modeled by a directed acyclic graph, and to a reservoir drilling decision problem modeled by a Markov random field. The results show that the suggested strategies clearly improve the naive or myopic constructions used in petroleum industry today. This is useful for decision makers planning petroleum exploration policies.     

Frequency Domain Fluorescence Lifetime Study of Crude Petroleum Oils

Frequency domain (FD) fluorescence lifetime data was collected for a series of 20 crude petroleum oils using a 405 nm excitation source and over a spectral range of ~426 to ~650 nm. Average fluorescence lifetimes were calculated using three different models: discrete multi-exponential, Gaussian distribution, and Lorentzian distribution. Fitting the data to extract accurate average lifetimes using the various models proved easier and less time consuming for the FD data than with Time Correlated Single Photon Counting (TCSPC) methods however the analysis of confidence intervals to the computed average lifetimes proved cumbersome for both methods. The uncertainty in the average lifetime was generally larger for the discrete lifetime multi-exponential model when compared to the distribution-based models. For the lifetime distributions, the data from the light crude oils with long lifetimes generally fit to a single decay term. Heavier oils with shorter lifetimes required multiple decay terms. The actual value for the average lifetime is more dependant on the specific fitting model employed than the data acquisition method used. Correlations between average fluorescence lifetimes and physical and chemical parameters of the crude oils were made with a view to developing a quantitative model for predicting the gross chemical composition of crude oils. It was found that there was no significant benefit gained by using FD over TCSPC other than more rapid data analysis in the FD case. For the FD data the Gaussian distribution model for fluorescence lifetime gave the best correlations with chemical composition allowing a qualitative correlation to some bulk oil parameters.

小型天然气液化装置在我国天然气工业中的应用前景分析

天然气是一种洁净的能源,在国家环保安全和能源保障方面具有重要意义。液化天然气是天然气推广应用的重要形式。文中分析了小型天然气液化装置在我国天然气工业上游的零散气田和边远气田天然气、油田伴生气以及煤层气等领域和下游的液化天然气汽车和城市燃气调峰等领域的应用前景,指出小型天然气液化装置的应用将推动我国天然气工业的发展,为我国的能源结构调整和可持续发展发挥作用。     

A review of recent advances in catalytic combustion of VOCs on perovskite-type catalysts

Along with the rapid development of industry, VOCs gradually move into the spotlight, and now become a kind of harmful environmental pollutants that cannot be overlooked. This paper introduces the hazards of VOCs and the common catalytic combustion catalysts, noble metal catalysts and non-noble metal catalysts, for the elimination of VOCs. Perovskite catalysts, as one of the non-noble catalysts, play an important role in the field of catalytic combustion in recent years. According to the classification of elements doping in perovskites, the research achievements in the past five years were analyzed and reviewed. In addition, this paper also analyzes and elaborates the reaction kinetics and QSAR/QSPR models for the introduction of structural properties and reaction mechanisms.     

Sinterability enhancement in semicokes obtained by controlled pyrolysis of a petroleum residue

Self-sintering semicokes were prepared by pyrolysis of an aromatic petroleum residue at 460–480 °C and pressures of 0.1–1.0 MPa. The evolution of gases and thermoplasticity from resultant semicokes were monitored by TGA and TMA, respectively. Sintering behaviour of the semicokes is extremely sensitive to pyrolysis conditions which determine contents of volatile matter and binder phase. Semicokes produced at 1.0 MPa have high volatile contents with excessive plasticity. Changes of temperature and soak time, used to reduce volatile matter contents induce reductions to the plasticity and sintering. A lower pyrolysis pressure has a similar effect. Although the operational window is narrow, heat-treated compacts (2500 °C) can be made with high density (1.9 g cm⁻³) and bending strengths >75 MPa. Using high-temperature pyrolysis (460 °C) with a post-treatment at 350–400 °C eliminates light components, without decreasing sintering properties. Compacts from these powders also exhibit high density (1.9 g cm⁻³) with higher bending strengths >90 MPa, comparable or superior to mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) obtained from the same precursor.     

The effect of alumina surface activity on the properties of lignocellulose/pitch-Al2O3 composites

Lignocellulose–pitch-based composites carbonized at 1000 °C were easily prepared by blending lignocellulose with pretreated pitch in a proportion of 50:50 wt.%. The pretreatment of the pitch was carried out by thermal treatment at temperatures of 250 and 350 °C, both in the absence and in the presence of 10 wt.% of alumina of different surface activities (acid, neutral and basic). The structural and mechanical properties of the composites, evaluated by means of density/porosity determinations, optical microscopy and flexural strength, were found to be enhanced by the presence of alumina. The effects of the addition of alumina in the composite were evaluated by means of thermogravimetric analyses. The results indicate that alumina surface activity plays an important role in the interactions between the composite components. Neutral alumina has the greatest effect during the pretreatment, while acid alumina favors lignocellulose–pitch interactions during the processing of the composite. These effects are more pronounced when the pretreatment is performed at 350 °C. Lignocellulose–pitch-based composites with a water density of 1.75 g cm⁻³, a porosity of 30 vol.% and a flexural strength of 30 MPa can be obtained when the pitch is pretreated in the presence of neutral alumina.     

Sequential Production of Amylolytic and Lipolytic Enzymes by Bacterium Strain Isolated from Petroleum Contaminated Soil

Amylases and lipases are highly demanded industrial enzymes in various sectors such as food, pharmaceuticals, textiles, and detergents. Amylases are of ubiquitous occurrence and hold the maximum market share of enzyme sales. Lipases are the most versatile biocatalyst and bring about a range of bioconversion reactions such as hydrolysis, inter-esterification, esterification, alcoholysis, acidolysis, and aminolysis. The objective of this work was to study the feasibility for amylolitic and lipolytic production using a bacterium strain isolated from petroleum contaminated soil in the same submerged fermentation. This was a sequential process based on starch and vegetable oils feedstocks. Run were performed in batchwise using 2% starch supplemented with suitable nutrients and different vegetable oils as a lipase inducers. Fermentation conditions were pH 5.0; 30 degrees C, and stirred speed (200 rpm). Maxima activities for amyloglucosidase and lipase were, respectively, 0.18 and 1,150 U/ml. These results showed a promising methodology to obtain both enzymes using industrial waste resources containing vegetable oils.     

The adsorption of dyes used in the textile industry on mesoporous materials

An adsorbent material made with a silica lamellar mesoporous material treated with chitosan has been proved to be useful to adsorb both anionic and cationic dyes used in the textile industry. The two tested dyes Tectilon Blue (anionic) and Rhodamine B (cationic) have different adsorption kinetics reflecting a complex mechanism of the phenomenon. Furthermore, the adsorption capacity and interaction strength of Tectilon Blue is higher than those of Rhodamine B. Tectilon Blue molecules are situated with the molecular plane perpendicular to the adsorbent surface, whilst that of the Rhodamine B molecule is flat and parallel to the surface. The differences may be attributed to the different regions of the adsorbent surface on which the dyes are adsorbed because of their different electric charge.