偏最小二乘法在原子吸收光谱分析中的应用——钴和铟的同时测定

本文用偏最小二乘法（ＰＬＳ）校正了火焰原子吸收分析Ｉｎ２５２．１３７ｎｍ对Ｃｏ２５２．１３６ｎｍ的吸收线重叠干扰,对混合样中Ｃｏ和Ｉｎ的含量进行了测定,结果令人满意。     

Local partial regularity theorems for suitable weak solutions of a class of degenerate systems

A partial regularity theorem is established for a particular class of weak solutions to the systemu/t– div(K(u)u)=(u)¦¦², div((u))=0 on a bounded domain inR ^N . Under our assumptions, (u) may exhibit exponential decay, and thus the system may be degenerate. Our proof is based upon a blow-up argument.This work was supported in part by NSF Grant DMS9424448.     

The permutational power of a priority queue

A priority queue transforms an input permutation of some set of sizen into an output permutation. It is shown that the number of such pairs (, ) is (n + 1) ^n–1. Some related enumerative and algorithmic questions are also considered.Supported by the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada under Grant A4219.     

Simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of ethinylestradiol and levonorgestrel by partial least squares and principal component regression multivariate calibration

Two spectrophotometric methods for the determination of Ethinylestradiol (ETE) and Levonorgestrel (LEV) by using the multivariate calibration technique of partial least square (PLS) and principal component regression (PCR) are presented. In this study the PLS and PCR are successfully applied to quantify both hormones using the information contained in the absorption spectra of appropriate solutions. In order to do this, a calibration set of standard samples composed of different mixtures of both compounds has been designed. The results found by application of the PLS and PCR methods to the simultaneous determination of mixtures, containing 4–11 μg ml⁻¹ of ETE and 2–23 μg ml⁻¹ of LEV, are reported. Five different oral contraceptives were analyzed and the results were very similar to that obtained by a reference liquid Chromatographic method.     

Volumetric properties of the water + ethylenediamine mixture at atmospheric pressure from 288.15 to 353.15 K

Densities of the water + ethylenediamine binary system were measured at atmospheric pressure over the whole range of compositions at temperatures from 288.15 to 353.15 K using an Anton Paar digital vibrating glass tube densimeter. Density increases with water content. The experimental excess molar volume data have been correlated with the Redlich-Kister equation, and partial molar volumes calculated at infinite dilution for each component.     

Chemical relevance of a pure combinatorial problem: Isomers of conjugated polyenes

A correspondence is pointed out between the triangulation of convex polygons on the one hand and the enumeration of isomers of conjugated polyenes on the other.     

不同采收期滇龙胆的红外光谱鉴别研究

采收是中药生产的重要环节,采收时间直接影响中药质量和产量,是中医临床安全有效用药的前提,开展中药适时采收期的研究具有重要意义和应用价值。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱法对72份不同采收期的滇龙胆进行鉴别研究,用TQ8.0软件对原始光谱进行一阶导数(first derivative,FD)、二阶导数(second derivative,SD)、标准正态变量(standard normal variate,SNV)、多元散射校正(multiplicative scatter correction,MSC)和平滑(savitaky-golay filter,SG)预处理,样品按3∶1分为校正集和预测集,同时建立主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)和偏最小二乘判别分析(partial least square discriminant analysis,PLS-DA)模型。结果显示,选取1 800~600cm~(-1)波段范围的光谱,去除光谱噪音;SNV结合二阶导数光谱和SG(15,3)平滑,预处理结果满意。主成分分析表明,前三个主成分方差贡献率为92.47%,5月、9月和10月份采收的样品差异较小。偏最小二乘判别分析建立判别模型,决定系数R2和校正均方根误差(RMSEE)分别为0.967 8和0.086 0,可对18个预测集样品进行准确分类。红外光谱法结合主成分分析、偏最小二乘判别分析对不同采收期滇龙胆的分类和判别效果较好,为不同采收期的中药鉴别提供理论依据。     

近红外光谱技术快速鉴别地沟油与食用植物油的研究

地沟油检测是我国食品安全最为关注的话题之一,它给人们的生活健康带来了极大的危害。国内现有的检测手段也仅停留在定性检测水平上,只能确定地沟油的有无,还难以进行定量检测。本实验利用近红外光谱技术与光纤传感技术相结合的新方法对勾兑混合油中地沟油的含量进行了定量分析。将煎炸老油与九三大豆油按照一定的体积比进行勾兑,共计50个样本,采集其近红外透射光谱,分别采用偏最小二乘法(PLS)和BP人工神经网络建立了煎炸老油含量的定量分析模型,校正集决定系数分别为0.908和0.934,验证集决定系数分别为0.961和0.952,均方估计残差(RMSEC)为0.184和0.136,预测均方根误差(RMSEP)都为0.111 6,符合应用要求,同时还结合主成分分析法(PCA)对煎炸老油与食用植物油进行了鉴别,识别准确率为100%。实验研究证明近红外光谱技术不仅可以准确快速的定性分析地沟油, 还能定量的检测地沟油的含量,在油脂的检测方面具有很大的应用前景。     

高光谱成像技术的柑橘植株叶片含氮量预测模型

氮素是果树生长发育的一种大量必需元素,及时准确地监控果树的氮营养状况,对果树的合理施肥、增产、优化果实品质以及减缓过量施氮引起的水资源污染具有重要意义。利用高光谱成像技术结合多变量统计学方法,建立了柑橘植株叶片的含氮量预测模型。研究步骤为：高光谱扫描、提取平均光谱曲线、预处理原始光谱数据、采用连续投影法提取特征波段和建立含氮量预测模型。从SG平滑、SNV、MSC、1-Der等11种预处理方法中筛选出的较优预处理方法是SG平滑、Detrending和SG平滑-Detrending。对应这三种最优预处理方法,先采用连续投影法挑选出各自的特征波长,然后将各特征波段下的光谱反射率作为偏最小二乘、多元线性回归和反向传播人工神经网络模型的输入,各自建立三个预测模型。从以上获得的9个预测模型中,得出两个最优模型SG平滑-Detrending-SPA-BPNN(R_p：0.851 3,RMSEP：0.188 1)和Detrending-SPA-BPNN(R_p：0.8609,RMSEP：0.159 5)。结果表明,利用高光谱数据测定柑橘叶片含氮量具有可行性。这为实时、准确地监控柑橘植株生长过程中叶片含氮量的变化以及合理科学的氮肥施加提供了一定的理论基础。     

基于iPLS的血清胆固醇、甘油三酯近红外定量分析

为了建立血清样品胆固醇、甘油三酯近红外分析最优模型,利用近红外透射光谱技术结合间隔偏最小二乘法（iPLS）建立预测模型。结果表明,胆固醇最优建模波段是1700—1798nm,最优预测模型的相关系数Rp、预测均方差RMSEP分别为0.984、0.198mmol/L;甘油三酯最优建模波段是1654-1746nm,最优预测模型的Rp、RMSEP分别为0.967、0.157mmol/L。采用iPLS建立血清胆固醇、甘油三酯定量分析模型,不仅可以提高模型的预测精度,而且模型更加简洁、数据运算量也更少,优选出的特征谱区还可为设计小型专用近红外分析仪器提供依据。