基于荧光光谱技术的菜籽油氧化状态智能评价

菜籽油在加工及贮藏过程中，易受氧气、温度、光照等因素的影响，产生氧化酸败现象。为准确判断油脂氧化程度，实现不同氧化模式下菜籽油品质的快速判别，采用三维同步荧光光谱技术结合平行因子分析法及BP神经网络法建立菜籽油氧化状态的智能评价模型。以冷榨菜籽油为原料，将样品分别置于常温、Schaal烘箱、高温模式中氧化处理，期间采集菜籽油的三维同步荧光光谱数据及理化指标，当理化指标超出国标限定范围时，停止采集数据。结果表明，菜籽油中荧光物质在不同氧化模式中的演变规律呈显著差异，氧化温度对菜籽油荧光光谱有明显影响。常温氧化350 d与第1 d相比，菜籽油的特征荧光峰位置无变化，仅在激发波长Ex为620和660 nm附近荧光峰强度发生微弱变化；Schaal烘箱氧化26 d后，在激发波长Ex为620和660 nm附近荧光峰强度显著减弱，且在激发波长Ex为350～450 nm之间有新的荧光峰生成；高温氧化48 h后，Ex为620和660 nm处荧光峰消失，在Ex为400～550 nm处产生显著荧光峰，相对Schaal烘箱氧化，荧光波长发生一定程度红移，这是由于高温氧化过程中油脂氧化生成的物质稳定性较差引起的。利用平行因子分析法对三维同步荧光光谱数据进行分解获取有效的二维荧光光谱数据，当组分数为6，Δλ=60 nm时激发波长的载荷值最大，不同样品间差异最显著。选定Δλ=60 nm波段的二维荧光光谱数据用于智能评价，作为BP神经网络模型的输入值，以极性组分作为模型输出值，分别对菜籽油三种氧化模式数据建模训练。实验结果表明，三种氧化模式对应的训练集、验证集、测试集模型相关系数r均能达到0.9以上，其中常温氧化模式中验证集及测试集模型的相关系数r为1，输出值与目标值较接近，模型的预测效果较好；综合三种氧化模式数据建模，对应训练集、验证集、测试集模型的相关系数分别为0.999，0.913和0.988，均方误差均较小，说明该模型能准确判断菜籽油的不同氧化状态。因此，三维同步荧光光谱技术结合平行因子分析法、BP神经网络法建立快速检测模型能实现菜籽油不同氧化状态的判别，为菜籽油的氧化程度的评价提供新方法，同时为其他食用油的品质评价提供参考。     

Codimension reduction in symmetric spaces

In this paper we give a short geometric proof of a generalization of a well-known result about reduction of codimension for submanifolds of Riemannian symmetric spaces.     

Parallel Schwarz alternating methods for anisotropic diffusion of speckled medical images

This paper deals with ultrasound medical image processing, particularly to filter the noise while preserving the edges and structures of information. The mathematical processing consists in solving by a numerical way a nonlinear evolutive boundary value problem. Several numerical semi-implicit time marching schemes are considered and analyzed. At each time step, parallel synchronous or asynchronous Schwarz alternating methods are used to solve the linear system and its convergence is studied. Lastly, the results of sequential and parallel simulations are presented.      

Fast parallel detection of feline panleukopenia virus DNA by multi‐channel microchip electrophoresis with programmed step electric field strength

A multi‐channel microchip electrophoresis using a programmed step electric field strength (PSEFS) method was investigated for fast parallel detection of feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) DNA. An expanded laser beam, a 10× objective lens, and a charge‐coupled device camera were used to simultaneously detect the separations in three parallel channels using laser‐induced fluorescence detection. The parallel separations of a 100‐bp DNA ladder were demonstrated on the system using a sieving gel matrix of 0.5% poly(ethylene oxide) (M_r = 8 000 000) in the individual channels. In addition, the PSEFS method was also applied for faster DNA separation without loss of resolving power. A DNA size marker, FPV DNA sample, and a negative control were simultaneously analyzed with single‐run and one‐step detection. The FPV DNA was clearly distinguished within 30 s, which was more than 100 times faster than with conventional slab gel electrophoresis. The proposed multi‐channel microchip electrophoresis with PSEFS was demonstrated to be a simple and powerful diagnostic method to analyze multiple disease‐related DNA fragments in parallel with high speed, throughput, and accuracy.     

Year Discrimination of Mild Aroma Chinese Liquors Using Three-Dimensional Fluorescence Spectroscopy Combined with Parallel Factor and Neural NetworkSCIEI北大核心CSCD

Three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with parallel factor analysis and neural network was applied to the year discrimination of mild aroma Chinese liquors. The excitation-emission fluorescence matrices (EEMs) of 120 samples with various years were measured by FLS920 fluorescence spectrometer. The trilinear decomposition of the data array was performed and the loading scores of and the excitation-emission profiles of four components were also obtained. The scores were employed as the inputs of the BP neural networks and the PARAFAC-BP identification model was constructed. 10 samples were collected from 10, 20 and 30 years of liquors respectively, and 30 samples were selected as the test sets. The remaining 90 samples were used as the training sets to build the training model. The year prediction of unknown samples was also carried out, and the prediction accuracy was 90%, 100% and 100%, respectively. Meanwhile, the discrimination analysis method and the multi way partial least squares discriminant analysis were compared, namely PARAFAC-BP and NPLS-DA. The results indicated that parallel factor combined with the neural network (PARAFAC-BP) has higher prediction accuracy. The proposed method can effectively extract the spectral characteristics, and also reduce the dimension of the input variables of neural network. A good year discrimination result was finally achieved.     

光纤法珀应变传感器串并联混合复用的离散腔长变换解调研究

光纤法珀传感器复用的输出信号复杂,解调相当困难.为实现其串并联混合结构复用,根据光纤法珀应变传感器的双光干涉原理,阐述了传感器串并联混合复用的输出信号特征,分析了信号中各项成分对离散腔长变换方法解调结果的影响,并进行了计算机仿真.最后搭建实验平台,进行了四个传感器串并联混合复用的实验研究,证明该方案可行,解调准确度1 μm.     

平行平板横向剪切干涉仪装调误差的矫正方法研究

对平行平板双光路横向剪切干涉仪的装调进行了研究,提出了一种矫正两个平行平板之间角度误差的方法.输出激光的波前采用Zernike多项式拟合,经过理论推导,发现两个方向差分波前求解出的倾斜像散之差与平行平板的角度误差存在线性关系,利用两个方向倾斜像散之差来矫正两个平行平板之间的角度误差.在平行平板横向剪切干涉仪的装调过程中使两个方向差分波前的倾斜像散之差为零即可以使两个方向的平行平板之间的角度误差值为零.进一步地从实验上证明了这个线性关系,对于所用的实验系统,当离焦像差为-3.224 7±0.001 8,两个方向差分波前的倾斜像散之差波动范围为±2.0×10^-3时,平行平板的角度误差可以控制在8.82″之内,高阶像差对平行平板的角度误差调节精度的影响约为1.63″.该方法具有装调简单、精确度高,易于流程化操作的优点.     

H+CN体系中平行络合反应的动力学

利用分子反应动力学的经典轨迹法研究化学反应体系已经开展了很多工作,但是,研究长寿命络合物的几何异构体就显得有些困难,主要表现在该方法对几何异构体不容易判别．由于这些原因和计算机时大增,Davis[1]利用经典轨迹法和统计方法相结合,研究了H＋CN和H＋NC体系在固定方位时的长寿命络合物动力学行为,并且采用Murrel等[2]拟合光谱数据的势能函数,该势能函数在HCN和HNC平衡点的频率与实验值相差较大．本文利用经典轨迹法研究了H＋CN产生HCN和HNC平行络合物异构体的分子反应动力学行为,揭示了平行络合反应产生几何异构体的…     

一步法高通量可控制备生物相容水/水微囊及其响应释放

生物相容水/水微囊在药物递送、 医学治疗等领域具有重要应用. 本文通过设计同轴微流控器件, 结合数值模拟优化和流动阻力分析, 实现一步法高通量可控制备大小均匀、 尺寸可控、 壁厚可调、 生物相容的水/水微囊. 采用实验研究和数值模拟相结合的方式, 研究了微流控器件结构、 内相流速、 外相流速、 外相/空气界面张力、 内相/外相界面张力、 内相黏度和外相黏度等参数对水/水微囊直径和壁厚的调控规律. 通过微通道流动阻力分析, 设计多通道平行放大微流控器件, 实现尺寸均匀可控水/水微囊的高通量制备. 验证了生物相容水/水微囊作为活性物质的理想载体, 可以通过改变pH或溶解囊壁释放载体, 进而实现活性物质的pH响应释放, 为其实际应用奠定了基础.     

2-氨基-4H-咪唑啉-4-酮衍生物的快速平行合成法

咪唑啉酮衍生物是一类具有良好生物活性和药理活性的杂环化合物 [1,2 ] ,尤其是一些 2 -氨基咪唑啉酮表现出良好的杀菌、抗炎及抗癌活性 [3 ,4 ] .从自然界如一些海洋生物中可分离得到含 2 -氨基咪唑啉酮结构的生物碱 [5,6] .最近 ,组合化学方法广泛地应用于有机合成 ,它包括固相合成法和液相合成法[7～ 9] .我们曾应用氮杂 Wittig反应制得 2 -氨基取代咪唑啉酮衍生物 ,部分化合物表现出一定的抑菌活性 [10 ,11] .本文进一步报道应用液相平行反应法快速合成 2 -氨基 - 4H-咪唑啉 - 4-酮衍生物 (4) .该方法应用烯基膦亚胺 1与苯基异氰酸酯的…