Monoid Valuations and Value Ordered Supervaluations

We complement two papers on supertropical valuation theory ([11 Izhakian , Z. , Knebusch , M. , Rowen , L. ( 2011 ). Supertropical semirings and supervaluations . J. Pure and Applied Alg. 215 ( 10 ): 2431 – 2463 . Preprint at arXiv:1003.1101 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]], [12 Izhakian , Z. , Knebusch , M. , Rowen , L. ( 2013 ). Dominance and transmissions in supertropical valuation theory . Commun. Algebra 41 ( 7 ): 2736 – 2782 .[Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]]) by providing natural examples of m-valuations (= monoid valuations), and afterwards of supervaluations and transmissions between them. These supervaluations have values in totally ordered supertropical semirings, and the transmissions discussed respect the orderings. We develop the basics of the theory of such semirings and transmissions.     

Outsourcing and scheduling for two-machine ordered flow shop scheduling problems

This paper considers a two-machine ordered flow shop problem, where each job is processed through the in-house system or outsourced to a subcontractor. For in-house jobs, a schedule is constructed and its performance is measured by the makespan. Jobs processed by subcontractors require paying an outsourcing cost. The objective is to minimize the sum of the makespan and the total outsourcing cost. Since this problem is NP-hard, we present an approximation algorithm. Furthermore, we consider three special cases in which job j has a processing time requirement p_j, and machine i a characteristic q_i. The first case assumes the time job j occupies machine i is equal to the processing requirement divided by a characteristic value of machine i, that is, p_j/q_i. The second (third) case assumes that the time job j occupies machine i is equal to the maximum (minimum) of its processing requirement and a characteristic value of the machine, that is, max{p_j, q_i} (min{p_j, q_i}). We show that the first and the second cases are NP-hard and the third case is polynomially solvable.     

Flatness Properties of S-Posets

We investigate the Galois coverings of weakly shod algebras. For a weakly shod algebra not quasi-tilted of canonical type, we establish a correspondence between its Galois coverings and the Galois coverings of its connecting component. As a consequence we show that a weakly shod algebra which is not quasi-tilted of canonical type is simply connected if and only if its first Hochschild cohomology group vanishes.     

α-Cu_2Se精细结构的球差校正扫描透射电镜表征

目前学界对Cu_2Se低温α相的结构仍未认识清楚,而解决这一问题对理解Cu_2Se在相变过程中热电性能提升等特性具有重要意义。本文首次报道了由球差校正扫描透射电镜(STEM)拍摄到的沿■带轴的原子级分辨率高角环形暗场(HAADF)像,揭示了由Se原子以多种形式有序起伏产生的复杂结构。结合电子衍射图谱,分析了包含不同层数、通过相互组合构成α-Cu_2Se晶体的多种结构变体。使用QSTEM软件对构建的结构变体进行高分辨图像模拟,得到了与实验对应的HAADF像。该工作为更全面地理解α-Cu_2Se的结构提供了新的重要信息。     

On near-wall effects in hard disk packing between two concentric cylinders

Monodisperse packing of disks in confined geometries is rarely addressed in the literature. We present some theoretical aspects of the microstructural properties of 2D static packing of disks between two concentric cylinders. In the core of the geometry, the packing is intact, while it is dilated in the vicinity of the walls as a result of the removal of overlapping disks. We have derived the formula for average packing density in concentric cylinders geometry with given ratio of the particle diameter to the gap between cylinders. It is verified and analyzed further by constructing ordered and disordered packs of monodisperse disks in computer. In this context, Voronoi tessellation is performed for the resulting packs to demonstrate the thickness of the static boundary layer where the packing is influenced by the presence of cylindrical walls.     

智能蜂窝状有序多孔薄膜：体系构建、响应性能及应用探索

蜂窝状有序多孔膜是一种典型的具有微、纳米尺寸的图案化高分子薄膜材料,在超疏水表面、光电材料、组织工程、生物医学、传感器等领域都具有良好的应用前景。表面形貌或性质具有可逆刺激响应特性的智能型多孔膜不仅拥有常规多孔膜的性能,而且还拥有独特的"开-关"功能,因此受到广泛关注。本文回顾了智能有序多孔膜近年的研究进展,重点对其体系构建、响应方式、机理、性能和相关应用进行了归纳与分析,评述了不同刺激响应多孔膜的特点及优劣势,探讨了智能多孔膜的优化设计及提高响应性能等问题,指出了目前面临的挑战,并展望了未来的发展方向。     

三维有序大孔二氧化钛表面超细钯纳米颗粒的构筑及其增强柴油炭烟催化燃烧性能（英文）

柴油机排放颗粒物(主要成分是炭烟)是城市大气PM2.5中一次颗粒物的主要来源和二次颗粒物形成的重要组分,严重危害大气环境和人类健康.利用颗粒物捕集器与催化剂相结合的连续过滤再生技术是满足柴油车国VI炭烟颗粒物排放标准的最有效技术,目前该技术所面临的挑战是研发在排气温度的柴油炭烟颗粒物催化氧化催化剂.柴油炭烟催化燃烧反应的本质是典型的气(氧气)-固(炭烟颗粒)-固(催化剂)三相深度氧化反应,因此我们研究组提出了高活性柴油炭烟燃烧催化剂设计应该遵循优化固-固接触与强化活化分子氧能力二者相结合的研究思路.为满足此设计思路的要求,本课题组前期采用孔径大于200 nm的三维有序大孔(3DOM)结构氧化物作为载体,利用大孔效应来实现PM在催化剂内部的有效扩散,从而提高催化剂与PM的接触效率.采用具有强活化分子氧能力的负载型贵金属(Au,Pt)纳米颗粒或贵金属-氧化物复合纳米颗粒作为活性位来提高催化剂对分子氧的活化能力,进而设计了多个系列高活性催化剂,并形成了担载贵金属纳米颗粒的可控制备方法与装置.然而,Au和Pt昂贵的价格限制了其广泛应用.价格相对便宜的Pd具有与Pt相似的催化性能,是其良好替代品.但是,目前关于3DOM氧化物表面负载型Pd纳米颗粒结构和尺寸与柴油炭烟催化燃烧性能之间的相关研究仍然较少.基于此,本文采用气泡辅助膜还原法制备了3DOM二氧化钛(TiO_2)担载超细Pd纳米颗粒催化剂.利用XRD,Raman,BET,SEM,TEM,ICP,XPS和H2-TPR等技术手段对催化剂进行表征,并以模拟柴油炭烟为研究对象,利用程序升温氧化反应(TPO)对催化剂的活性进行评价,深入探讨了催化剂的制备、结构及物化性质与炭烟催化燃烧反应性能之间的关系.XRD和Raman结果表明,TiO_2载体由锐钛矿(主)和金红石(次)两种物相组成.SEM照片显示,所制催化剂为规整的有序大孔结构,球形孔互相贯通,孔径均一,大孔腔平均尺寸为280 nm,孔窗尺寸为109 nm,这种三维有序大孔TiO_2的结构能够增强炭烟颗粒与催化剂之间的接触效率.TEM表征显示,平均粒径为1.1 nm的超细半球型Pd纳米颗粒高度分散于TiO_2载体的内壁上,两者间的优化界面面积有利于增加活化O2的活性位密度,这些活性位源于Pd与TiO_2间强相互作用.H2-TPR和XPS表征印证了上述观点,具有1.1 nm超细Pd颗粒的Pd/3DOM-TiO_2催化剂表现出强的低温氧化还原特性和丰富的表面吸附氧物种.在TPO测试中,相对于担载5.0 nm Pd颗粒的催化剂,具有1.1 nm尺寸超细Pd颗粒的Pd/3DOM-TiO_2催化剂展示了高的催化炭烟燃烧活性,T10,T50和T90分别为295,370和415 oC,且在5次TPO测试过程中表现出良好的催化和结构稳定性.这种具有3DOM结构和超细Pd纳米颗粒的纳米催化剂能够有效降低Pd的使用量,在催化炭烟燃烧的实际应用中大有潜力.     

Functionalized SBA-15 and its Catalytic Applications in Selective Organic Transformations

Ordered, mesoporous SBA-15 functionalized with organic and inorganic moieties exhibits efficient catalytic activity in a variety of organic transformations. In this account, reviewing our own work, three-sets of surface-modified SBA-15 materials have been investigated. The first-set of materials consists of SBA-15 modified with organo-acidic (propyl thiol and propyl sulfonic acid) and basic (propyl amine and propyl adenine) moieties. The second-set of materials was prepared by grafting Mn complexes to the organo-functionalized SBA-15. The third-set composes of nanocrystalline metal oxides supported on SBA-15. All these catalysts have been characterized by structural and spectroscopic techniques. Catalytic activities of the first-set of solid materials have been investigated in acid/base-catalyzed reactions viz., ring-opening of epoxides with amines (producing β-amino alcohols), esterification, three-component-Mannich reactions and cycloaddition of CO₂ to epoxides. The Mn complexes grafted on organofunctionalized SBA-15 are efficient catalysts for the chemo-, regio- and stereoselective aerial oxidation of monoterpenes at ambient conditions. TiO_x, VO_x, MoO_x and WO_x supported on SBA-15 catalyzed biomimetic oxyhalogenation of aromatic compounds. In all these reactions, the functionalized SBA-15 showed high selectivity.     

Critically prime interval orders

We prove that a prime interval order, not necessarily finite, has no prime upper cover if and only if it has width two. On the other hand, we prove that every finite prime N-free order has at least one prime upper cover.