Integrated inventory and inspection policies for stochastic demand

In this paper, we develop integrated inventory inspection models with and without replacement of nonconforming items. Inspection policies include no inspection, sampling inspection, and 100% inspection. We consider a buyer who places an order from a supplier when his inventory level drops to a certain point, due to demand which is stochastic in nature. When a lot is received, the buyer uses some type of inspection policy. The fraction nonconforming is assumed to be a random variable following a beta distribution. The order quantity, reorder point and the inspection policy are decision variables. In the inspection policy involving determining sampling plan parameters, constraints on the buyer and manufacturer risks is set in order to obtain a fair plan for both parties. A solution procedure for determining the operating policies for inventory and inspection consisting of order quantity, sample size, and acceptance number is proposed. Numerical examples are presented to conduct a sensitivity analysis for important model parameters and to illustrate important issues about the developed models.     

Real-time, continuous-wave terahertz imaging by a pyroelectric camera

Real-time, continuous-wave terahertz (THz) imaging is demonstrated. A 1.89-THz optically-pumped farinfrared laser is used as the illumination source, and a 124 × 124 element room-temperature pyroelectric camera is adopted as the detector. With this setup, THz images through various wrapping materials are shown. The results show that this imaging system has the potential applications in real-time mail and security inspection.     

Probabilistic Modelling of Monitoring and Maintenance of Multistate Monotone Systems with Dependent Components

In Gåsemyr and Natvig (2001) partial monitoring of components with applications to preventive system maintenance was considered for a binary monotone system of binary components. The purpose of the present paper is to extend this to a multistate monotone system of multistate components, where the states more realistically represent successive levels of performance ranging from the perfect functioning level down to the complete failure level. We start out close to the spirit of Arjas (1989) by using a marked point process with complete monitoring of all components, and hence of the system, as the basic reference framework. We then consider a marked point process linked to partial monitoring of some components, for instance in certain time intervals. Incorporation of information from the observed system history process is then treated. Mainly, we assume that the inspection strategy is determined by the observed component history process only, with a possible exception of a full or partial autopsy after an observed change of state of , the system. Furthermore, we consider how to arrive at the posterior distribution for the relevant parameter vector by a standard simulation procedure, the data augmentation method. The idea is to extend the observed data to the complete component history process. The theory is applied to an electrical power generation system for two nearby oilrigs with some standby components, as considered in Natvig et al. (1986).AMS 2000 Subject Classification: Primary 96B25; Secondary, 62N05, 60K10     

一种薄非球面透镜的加工与检测

介绍了外径为 φ14 8mm、厚度为 5mm的月牙形非球面透镜加工的一些工艺难点及解决方法 ,并给出了检验方案。对加工过程中出现的变形原因及克服方法进行了探讨 ,并给出了透镜最终的检测结果。     

From local to global analysis of defect detectability in infrared non-destructive testing

Several image processing techniques are employed in Infrared Non-Destructive Testing (IRNDT) to enhance defect detectability. To date, there is no adequate global measurement that objectively assesses defect visibility in processed frames. In this work, a Global Signal to Noise Ratio (GSNR) that comprehensively evaluates defect detectability in processed infrared (IR) images is proposed, as well as a defect visibility measure named Infrared Image Quality Index (IRIQI) that compares the structural information of defective and sound areas. In addition, GSNR and IRIQI are validated by using the area under ROC curve (AUC). AUC quantitatively assesses defect visibility by comparing the outcomes of processing techniques to human judgements. The remarkable benefit of this global approach is that it allows one to determine the frame at which processing techniques reveals the majority of the defects by evaluating the times at which AUC curves reach their maxima. The test pieces were a Carbon-Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) sample containing delaminations and a honeycomb specimen with delaminations, skin unbonds, excessive adhesive, and crushed core.     

稳态循环应力下结构断裂可靠性设计方法

对含初始缺陷（宏观裂纹）结构进行无限寿命断裂可靠性设计，给出了疲劳裂纹扩展应力强度因子的二维概率密度函数及其门槛值分布函数公式，通过应力强度因子，门槛值干涉模型可求得裂纹不扩展的可靠度和指定可靠度下不扩展裂纹的最大尺寸，并确定含裂纹构件的检修周期。     

管道超声纵向导波裂纹检测数值模拟

简述了近年来超声导波技术的发展现状及其检测原理，并用有限元程序ANSYS对管道超声纵向导波裂纹检测进行了数值模拟。管道模型中，删除单元模拟管道周向裂纹，通过对管道一端端部周向各节点施加轴向瞬时位移载荷模拟纵向入射应力波，同端接收反射应力波，根据裂纹纵波回波信号到达时间和反射系数能较为精确地判断裂纹位置、周向开口裂纹长度、管壁减薄程度及裂纹截面积，但反射系数对管道轴向裂纹宽度不十分敏感。数值模拟结果与前人实验结果及理论计算结果吻合较好。     

应用电磁超声技术实验分析自由表平面凹坑上P—SV波的转换

本文对正入射条件下自由表平面半球形凹坑上Ｐ－ＳＶ波的转换进行了实验分析，实验中使用了电磁超声技术，确保在各个方向上等声程接收散射ＳＶ波和良好的测量重复性．实验结果表明，随着凹坑直径（Ｄ）与入射波波长（λ）之比的改变，转型ＳＶ波的指向特征有显著改变；当Ｄ／λ＝１时，ＳＶ波则集中于近表平面，并与散射Ｐ波耦合为强烈的瑞利波．本文为自由表平面半球形凹坑上弹性波的散射方向提供了一些实验解，并为应用波型转换方法检测金属孔蚀提供了实验基础．     

Automatic defect recognition of TFT array process using gray level co-occurrence matrix

This study proposed an automatic optical inspection (AOI) system for detection of thin-film transistor (TFT) array defects. gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) and MATLAB regionprops function were used to calculate 53 TFT array defect features, which were inputted into the neural network to train the defect classifier. The images to be inspected were compared with a standard image first, in order to judge whether the TFT array samples have defects. For defective images of a TFT array, the proposed defect classifier can successfully recognize five kinds of defects in the process. According to the experimental results, the defect recognition rate of proposed system is verified to be 83.3%, which can replace manual inspection and reduce the risks of false inspections due to long duration manual work. Moreover, the proposed AOI system can improve testing efficiency and reduce manufacturing costs.     

A note on “Quality investment and inspection policy in a supplier-manufacturer supply chain”

In a recent paper, Hsieh and Liu (2010) consider quality investment and inspection strategies of one supplier and one manufacturer. They propose solutions of four non-cooperative game models with different degrees of information available about the players’ inspection sampling rates and quality investments. For the two most comprehensive scenarios, we show that these (interior) solutions do not always represent the optimal solutions, as the boundary solutions lead to considerably higher profits. Furthermore, we propose modified algorithms providing the optimal solutions by including the boundary solutions into the consideration.