基于BP神经网络的焊点自动光学检测

提出了一种新的表面组装焊点的自动光学检测分类方法。采用单层环形光源获取焊点图像,并根据归一化分割曲线方程将焊点图像分成四部分,分别提取其特征。使用BP神经网络将焊点按照锡量多少分成三类:少锡,容许和多锡。实验结果证明该方法分类正确率达到了99.2%,具有较高的实用价值。     

基于去模糊空间变换RCNN的毫米波图像目标检测（英文）

提出一种包含去模糊的空间变换区域卷积神经网络的目标检测算法.首先,基于主动毫米波圆柱扫描成像原理对人体进行三维成像(频率24~30 GHz),建立毫米波图像数据集.然后,估计毫米波图像的模糊核,通过卷积去噪网络获得图像先验知识,将其集成到半二次分裂的优化方法中,以实现非盲目去模糊.最后,由定位网络、网格生成器和采样网络三部分组成空间变换网络,将它融入到特征提取网络中,在去模糊后实现目标检测.通过该非盲目去模糊算法得到的图像的峰值信噪比可达27.49 dB,目标检测算法的平均精度可达80.9%.实验结果表明,与现有的先进方法相比,该方法可以有效地提高图像质量和检测精度,为毫米波图像中隐藏危险品的目标检测提供了新的技术支持.     

基于疲劳损伤和倒塌事故的导管架平台结构风险分析

基于风险的检验技术已成为海洋工程领域的研究热点,其优势在于优化检验范围,减少检验成本。通过有限元方法对导管架平台结构的疲劳损伤和倒塌失效进行数值计算,并基于可靠性理论对平台结构关键构件的疲劳失效概率以及该构件疲劳破坏后平台结构的整体倒塌失效概率进行确定,形成风险矩阵,以制定相应的检验计划。在此基础上,对南海某导管架平台结构进行了定量风险评估,形成关键节点和构件的风险矩阵,并给出了相应的检验目标以指导制定检验计划。本文工作可为导管架平台结构制定合理高效的检验计划,在保障平台结构安全作业的同时降低运行费用。     

基于分光光度计的食用油折射率实验研究

为获取不同食用油的光学色散特异性,须研究其折射率随波长变化特征.忽略光的散射影响后,建立了一种用于分光光度计的新双层载玻片模型,用此载玻片分别盛载菜籽油、芝麻油、餐厨废弃油、掺伪菜籽油、掺伪芝麻油,实验获取380～1500 nm的透射光谱,进而研究了5种油品的折射率随波长变化特征.研究结果表明5种油品的折射率随波长的变...     

既有铁路钢桥剩余疲劳寿命的概率性评估

中国铁路线上大量既有钢桥承受着日益繁重的交通荷载,其疲劳剩余寿命与使用安全已受到桥梁管理部门的高度重视,为避免不必要的维护与更换,应建立合理的既有钢桥使用安全评估方法。在建立能反映铆接钢桥疲劳破坏机理的脆断和韧断概率失效模型基础上,给出了疲劳可靠性分析的极限状态方程,并合理确定了随机变量的参数取值。建立了铆接钢桥构件双角钢概率疲劳破坏模型,基于Monte Carlo算法实现了铆接钢桥构件双角钢疲劳断裂失效概率的计算,编制了相应的概率断裂分析程序DAPFF。进而将概率断裂力学评估方法应用于京九线赣江桥的时变疲劳可靠度分析,并给出了赣江桥概率疲劳剩余寿命评估结果与维护对策。     

Economic optimization of off-line inspection with rework consideration

This paper addresses issues relating to off-line inspection with rework consideration. We develop a mathematical model to determine the first unit inspected and the average number to be inspected in a batch, assuming the involvement of a quality-control department with a standard procedure. Numerical analyses are used to simulate the effect of changes in the various parameters on the optimal solution when the probability of a transition between states follows the discrete Weibull distribution.     

Inspection of nano-sized SNOM-tips by optical far-field evaluation

High resolution optical microscopy has many interesting applications in solid state physics, low temperature physics, biology and semiconductor technology. Unfortunately, the lateral resolution of conventional microscopes is limited by the Rayleigh-limit. “Scanning nearfield optical microscopy” (SNOM) seems to be a promising new approach to characterize the properties of materials optically with a high lateral resolution of 50–100 nm. The most important part of such a microscope is the scanning probe (a special glass fiber tip). However, the quality of the optical fiber tip is of decisive importance. Since the production process of pulled and coated glass fiber tips is still highly empirical and error-prone, a technique would be useful to determine the tips’ quality before they are shipped to the user or mounted in the microscope. The tips’ apertures are smaller than λ/2 and therefore they cannot be measured in a non-destructive way by conventional optical microscopy. This paper discusses an easy and fast method for the optical characterization of common glass fiber SNOM tips. The effective aperture of the tip is measured from the far-field distribution of the emitted intensity recorded by a CCD target. A numerical model is introduced to solve this inverse task and a simple optical setup is presented to detect light emitted by the tip at an angle of up to 90° from the optical axis. Experimental investigation, near/far-field calculations and scanning electron microscope investigations show the working principle of this measurement technique for the analysis and evaluation of a typical nanostructured object.     

对数正态分布和Weibull分布变差系数的抽样验证方案

本文在参数的极大似然估计的基础上，给出了对数正态分布和Ｗｅｉｂｕｌ分布变差系数的抽样验证方案．     

Inverse projected-fringe technique based on multi projectors

The inverse projected-fringe technique based on multi projectors is proposed. By an absolute phase measurement on the master object, different inverse fringes are generated, for projectors placed in different directions. During the inspection process, inverse fringes are projected simultaneously. If the test object and the master object are identical, an optimized sine fringe is obtained on the camera. Otherwise, every faulty area of the test object causes distortions of the fringe. The deformations can be evaluated quantitatively by simple Fourier transformation and phase unwrapping. Therefore, we can complete the inspection of complex and discontinuous objects with only one fringe image, and solve the problems of shadow and break to a large extent, and consequently realize the fast on-line inspection. The principle of this technique is expatiated, and we prove the validity of it on the example of a two-projector system. The analysis of error and prerequisites of application are also presented.     

CSP方案的中止规则［R］

本文引入中止概率的概念，讨论适用于各类连续抽样方案的中止规则［Ｒ］的统计特性。结果表明，规则［Ｒ］的添加不改变方案原有的基本统计特性，而且全面优于另一类已被广泛采用的规则［Ｓ］．