Economic optimization of off-line inspection in a process that also produces non-conforming units when in control and conforming units when out of control

A finite batch of units is produced by a process subject to random failures. The process starts from the in-control state and may shift, while producing a unit, to the out of control state. We consider the case that inspection is conducted after all the units of the batch have been produced, when the production order of the units is preserved. Most research has assumed that while in the in-control state, the process produces only conforming units and in the out of control state, it produces only non-conforming ones. In our research we relax this assumption, i.e. we consider that in the in-control state the process may also produce non-conforming units and in the out of control state, it may also produce conforming ones. Using dynamic programming, we develop an optimal inspection/disposition policy that finds which units to inspect and how to dispose of uninspected units in order to minimize the expected cost, which includes inspection and penalty costs due to classification errors. In addition to the optimal policy, we develop several heuristic policies since the computational complexity of the dynamic programming calculations is O(3^N)$\mathrm{O}(3^N)$. We then perform computational studies to check the behavior of the optimal and heuristic policies and also to compare the latter policies.     

计数集团检查的抽查特征函数

本文给出计数型集团检查一次、二次抽样方案的抽查特征函数及其算法, 并且通过与近似算法的比较和计算机抽样检查模拟, 验证了该方法的正确性, 并对该抽查特征函数性质和应用作了初步讨论.     

The method of combined inspection

For costly and/or destructive inspections for a complex population, the sum of observations, the test statistic in common use, is shown to be inefficient in risk control. For the complex population consisting of Bernoulli distributions, the method of combined inspection is proposed in this paper, Evaluation based on examples and simulation results is conducted according to the method of limited classification. It is concluded that the new method is efficient and applicable.     

定时截尾下指数分布产品可靠性抽样检验方案

本文给出了制订定时截尾下指数分布产品可靠性抽样检验方案的统计方法.检验统计量是平均寿命倒数的极大似然估计.提出了一种选择截尾时间的方法.利用分布分位数的Cornish-Fisher展开近似地确定了样本量和接收常数.模拟结果表明,本文给出的方法是可行的.     

高频纵向导波在钢杆中传播特性的研究

计算了钢杆中纵向轴对称导波模态的衰减频散曲线和群 速度频散曲线. 分析了1~3MHz范围内高频纵向轴对称超声导波在钢杆中的传播特 性. 理论分析表明,各高阶纵向模态都存在一个衰减最小值,在此衰减最小值所对应频率下 的高阶模态能传播较远距离,可用于钢杆导波检测. 建立实验系统,采用轴对称同端激 励接收的方法,根据第1次端面回波做出群速度和端面回波幅值随频率变化曲线,实验结 果与理论分析基本吻合. 表明考虑材料衰减特性的钢杆频散曲线可以作为实验指导依据.     

光学元件损伤在线检测中的图像处理

 利用在传统的边缘提取方法上加入灰度抑制,并在梯度计算中考虑每个像素与周围8个邻域的关系的图像处理方法,解决了在线检测中被检测元件以布儒斯特角放置、元件片数较多、CCD所采集的损伤图像噪声成分复杂等造成的像质较差的图像处理问题,并系统地进行了光学元件疵点分析和计算。分析计算结果表明:此图像处理方法得到的损伤疵点尺寸与实际尺寸相符,误差在检测的范围内;为大型光学系统中光学元件损伤的在线、自动化检测提供了一种有用的技术途径。     

基于小波重构的木材表面缺陷检测系统研究

设计了木材加工业中木材纹理表面的检测系统,提出了一种有效的选取小波频带重建图像的纹理瑕疵检测方法。设计的检测系统由新型LED光源,明暗域结合成像光学系统,高速高分辨率线阵CCD器件等组成。应用小波基函数在较优的分解级数上对纹理图像进行分解,然后在最佳的分辨率级数上正确选取平滑图像或者细节图像来重建图像。在重建图像中均匀纹理图案被有效地移除,仅仅保留了局部瑕疵区域,小波频带选取是基于小渡系数的能量分布自动确定最佳重构参数。重构后的图像经阈值处理得到二值图像,最后运用数学形态学的方法对二值图像后处理。实验表明,该方法可用于实时在线检测木材表面的瑕疵。