Continuous inspection with memory

In this article we consider continuous inspection plans (inspection stopping plans) as recurrent events in the sequence of investigation outcomes (steps of inspection). Along with traditional continuous inspection plans, it is the first time we consider plans of continuous inspection with memory which memorize the result of the last step of inspection after the inspection is stopped. For a wide range of plans of both traditional continuous inspection and continuous inspection with memory, we have obtained the main characteristics, i.e. mathematical expectation of the number of inspected objects before the inspection is stopped and variance.     

缺陷关联参数红外检测Levenberg-Marquardt改进识别算法研究

对Levenberg-Marquardt(LM)算法在缺陷参数估计修正过程中无法确保参数几何关联性的局限性进行改进,并保留原算法快速收敛的特性.以二维试件内部矩形缺陷红外检测为例,采用数值实验方法比较改进前后的LM算法,分析初始假设、红外测温误差对缺陷定量识别结果的影响.数值实验表明:改进后的LM算法参数修正过程中确保了关联性的一致性;不同初始假设对缺陷识别结果的影响不大;受红外测温误差的影响,各缺陷参数之间表现出不同的识别精度.     

拓扑成像法的分层波导结构内部缺陷检测

将拓扑成像理论应用于分层波导结构,分析拓扑成像法在分层波导结构缺陷检测方面的应用可行性。首先,对拓扑梯度的表达式进行理论推导,阐述拓扑成像的基础理论和成像原理,对于厚度方向刚性连接的钢-铝双层板,本文结合实际检测需求,提出了优化的拓扑梯度表达式。然后,使用ANSYS有限元软件建立声场计算模型,根据优化的拓扑梯度表达式计算了直接问题和伴随问题两种情况下的声场分布,验证拓扑成像理论的可靠性。结果表明,拓扑成像方法可以准确定位钢-铝双层板中单缺陷和多缺陷,且具有良好的检测分辨率和定位精度,说明拓扑成像法对分层波导结构中的缺陷检测具有可行性。     

PMI复合材料泡沫夹层结构小能量冲击后回弹规律研究

本文对两种不同厚度(4层、8层)的PMI复合材料泡沫夹芯结构进行8J的低速冲击实验。采用三维光学扫描仪(HDI 3D)对冲击后发生的凹坑回弹现象进行90h的监测,并结合Geomagic Qualify三维检测软件对扫描结果进行分析,获得了直观的冲击后位移云图。对不同时刻的凹坑深度进行分析,以回弹速率为标志,对回弹过程进行划分并总结了凹坑深度随时间的变化规律;截取了回弹过程中部分时刻凹坑贯穿截面轮廓,通过参考点对轮廓形貌进行拟合,建立了与所在横截面凹坑最大值相关联的轮廓形貌描述方法。结合破坏性检测的方法,对冲击区域面板及夹芯泡沫的损伤情况进行显微观测,结果表明,夹层板的分层损伤对回弹现象影响较大,但凹坑截面轮廓的形态并不会发生显著改变。     

基于局部区域灰度矩图像边缘定位方法的研究

在采用机器视觉测量零件尺寸的过程中,提出了一种基于局部区域灰度矩图像边缘定位方法。该方法先利用中值滤波对采集到的图像进行处理,然后通过Prewitt算子对边缘进行初步定位,在此基础上,对图像边缘附近的9个像素的灰度值进行一维灰度矩定位,最后采用误差分析和处理的方法,获得更精确的边缘位置。实验证明,该方法能有效提高边缘检测精度,在检测分辨率为1000DPI情况下,尺寸检测误差小于2um。     

Directional wave separation in tubular acoustic systems – The development and evaluation of two industrially applicable techniques

An acoustic device is used to evaluate internal features and defects within tubes by determination of the acoustic impulse response. This paper concerns methods of separating the total pressure wave measured in the device into its forward and backward travelling components, which facilitates computation of the acoustic impulse response. The device comprises a tube that has a speaker at one end and is axially instrumented with microphones. Unlike similar works, the methods presented in this paper were designed to be applied in an industrial context, they allow simple calibration and implementation using readily transportable equipment. Two wave separation algorithms are presented; the first is a known method that has been improved to provide simplified calibration and the second is a computationally inexpensive technique that has been adapted to improve its operational bandwidth. The techniques are critically evaluated using a custom built test rig, designed to simulate realistic tube features and defects such as constrictions, holes and corrosion. It is demonstrated that, although inter-microphone attenuation is not accounted for in the second algorithm, both algorithms function well and give similar results. It is concluded that the added sophistication of the first method means that it is less affected by low frequency interference and is capable of yielding more accurate results. However, in practical use as an evaluation tool, the benefits of including inter-microphone attenuation are outweighed by the additional calibration and computational requirements. Finally the output of the wave separation techniques is validated by showing agreement between experimental impulse response measurements and those obtained from a theoretically derived acoustic tube simulator.     

On-line full scan inspection of particle size and shape using digital image processing

An on-line full scan inspection system is developed for particle size analysis.A particle image is first obtained through optical line scan technology and is then analyzed using digital image processing.The system is composed of a particle separation module,an image acquisition module,an image processing module,and an electric control module.Experiments are carried out using non-uniform 0.1 mm particles.The main advantage of this system consists of a full analysis of particles without any overlap or miss,thus improving the Area Scan Charge Coupled Device(CCD)acquisition problems.Particle size distribution,roundness,and sphericity can be obtained using the system with a deviation of repeated precision of around ±1%.The developed system is shown to be also convenient and versatile for any particle size and shape for academic and industrial users.     

不同生产厂家注射用头孢哌酮钠含量测定的近红外定量模型的建立

采用近红外漫反射光谱法和偏最小二乘回归算法建立了2种测样方式对不同厂家注射用头孢哌酮钠中头孢哌酮的含量进行快速测定的定量分析模型。对9个厂家的19批注射用头孢哌酮钠样品及其降解物中头孢哌酮的含量进行了预测,积分球模型的交叉验证均方根误差(RMSECV)和预测均方根误差(RMSEP)分别为0.636和2.01,光纤模型的交叉验证均方根误差(RMSECV)和预测均方根误差(RMSEP)分别为0.857和3.71。根据ICH指导原则,从专属性、线性、重现性、稳定性、准确性等几个方面对两模型的方法进行了验证,进而说明光纤测样方式建立的模型专属性和适用性均良好,完全可以对不同生产厂家的同一品种的药品进行快速的初步定量分析,适用于药品检验车的快速无损检测。     

Resolution of holographic images of underwater objects

Interest is growing in the use of holographic visual inspection using real-image reconstruction as a means of making high resolution dimensional measurements on subsea components and structures. In this paper we report on the resolution obtained from holographic real images of targets in water filled observation tanks. These results indicate that measurements achieved in such circumstances can be superior to those obtained by stereo photogrammetry. A figure as high as 18 lp mm^-1 (line pairs per millimetre) has been obtained for a resolution target imaged through 300 mm of turbid water underlining the potential of the technique.     

果皮厚度对水果组织中光传输特性的影响

水果产品品质检测技术在水果的生产和消费中起着十分重要的作用。利用水果产品的光学特性进行无损检测是水果品质无损检测与分级技术中最实用的和最成功的技术之一。深入研究光在水果组织中的输运规律,对于水果产品品质的光学检测有着十分重要的意义。本文以仁果类薄皮水果苹果和厚皮水果柑橘为例,建立果皮和果肉两层组织模型,利用蒙特卡罗法模拟了808 nm的波长下高斯光束在水果组织中传输的光学特性,揭示了水果果皮厚度对光在组织中的传输特性如漫反射率、透射率、内部吸收率和穿透深度等特性的影响,分析了果肉组织的检测效率。研究结果表明,果皮越厚,透射率和穿透深度越小,果皮比果肉的光吸收能量密度在径向距离上的分布范围更广,随着水果组织内部深度的增加,光吸收能量密度逐渐减小,径向方向减弱的更快。而对于漫反射率,在径向距离0.2～1.2 cm之间,果皮越薄漫反射率越小,在1.2～4.0 cm之间,果皮越厚漫反射率越小。此研究结果表明在用光学检测方法对水果进行无损检测和分级时,无论是透射或反射测量,果皮厚度和光束的相互作用都不应忽视,也为不同类型的水果产品设计更为有效的光学检测装置(如光源的强度、检测器的大小以及位置等)提供了理论基础,对于水果产品品质的光学检测有着十分重要的意义。