钌的二甲基氯硅烷羰基化合物和衍生物的合成及表征

用SiMe₂ClH与Ru₃(CO)₁₂反应,得到顺式-Ru(CO)₄(SiMe₂Cl)₂(I)和[Ru(CO)₄(SiMe₂Cl)]₂(Ⅱ)。它们的SiMe₂Cl配位基呈现较强的反位效应,由此合成得到一系列含膦(氧磷)或含卤素的衍生物。进行了Ⅰ-Ⅵ的元素分析、IR、¹HNMR和MS表征。     

Construction of Shallow Surface States through Light Ni Doping for High‐Efficiency Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production of CdS Nanocrystals

Ni‐doped CdS nanowires were synthesized by a simple one‐step method. X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy confirmed that light Ni doping can form shallow surface states due to the presence of substitutional Ni ions, and heavy Ni doping can form deep surface states due to the presence of interstitial Ni ions. Surface photovoltage spectroscopy and transient photovoltage measurements revealed that the shallow surface states can prolong the lifetime of the photogenerated charge carriers, whereas the deep surface states lead to recombination of the photogenerated charge carriers. The relationship between different surface states and the photocatalytic performance of CdS nanocrystals are discussed. The enhanced density of shallow surface states due to light Ni doping significantly promotes photocatalytic H₂ production.     

A Doping Technique that Suppresses Undesirable H2 Evolution Derived from Overall Water Splitting in the Highly Selective Photocatalytic Conversion of CO2 in and by Water

Photocatalytic conversion of CO₂ to reduction products, such as CO, HCOOH, HCHO, CH₃OH, and CH₄, is one of the most attractive propositions for producing green energy by artificial photosynthesis. Herein, we found that Ga₂O₃ photocatalysts exhibit high conversion of CO₂. Doping of Zn species into Ga₂O₃ suppresses the H₂ evolution derived from overall water splitting and, consequently, Zn‐doped, Ag‐modified Ga₂O₃ exhibits higher selectivity toward CO evolution than bare, Ag‐modified Ga₂O₃. We observed stoichiometric amounts of evolved O₂ together with CO. Mass spectrometry clarified that the carbon source of the evolved CO is not the residual carbon species on the photocatalyst surface, but the CO₂ introduced in the gas phase. Doping of the photocatalyst with Zn is expected to ease the adsorption of CO₂ on the catalyst surface.     

Facile deposition of cobalt oxide based electrocatalyst on low-cost and tin-free electrode for water splitting

Facile deposition of a water-splitting catalyst on low-cost electrode materials could be attractive for hydrogen production from water and solar energy conversion. Herein we describe fast electrodeposition of cobalt-based water oxidation catalyst(Co-WOC) on simple graphite electrode for water splitting. The deposition process is quite fast, which reaches a plateau in less than 75 min and the final current density is～1.8 mA/cm2under the applied potential of 1.31 V at pH = 7.0. The scanning electron microscopy(SEM) study shows the formation of nanometer-sized particles(10-100 nm) on the surface of the electrode after only 2 min and micrometer-sized particles(2-5 μm) after 90 min of electrolysis. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) data demonstrate the as-synthesized ex-situ catalyst mainly contains Co2+and Co3+species incorporating a substantial amount of phosphate anions. These experiments suggest that cost-efficient cobalt oxide materials on graphite exhibit alluring ability for water splitting, which might provide a novel method to fabricate low-cost devices for electrochemical energy storage.     

Biocatalytic Photosynthesis with Water as an Electron Donor

Efficient harvesting of unlimited solar energy and its conversion into valuable chemicals is one of the ultimate goals of scientists. With the ever‐increasing concerns about sustainable growth and environmental issues, numerous efforts have been made to develop artificial photosynthetic process for the production of fuels and fine chemicals, thus mimicking natural photosynthesis. Despite the research progress made over the decades, the technology is still in its infancy because of the difficulties in kinetic coupling of whole photocatalytic cycles. Herein, we report a new type of artificial photosynthesis system that can avoid such problems by integrally coupling biocatalytic redox reactions with photocatalytic water splitting. We found that photocatalytic water splitting can be efficiently coupled with biocatalytic redox reactions by using tetracobalt polyoxometalate and Rh‐based organometallic compound as hole and electron scavengers, respectively, for photoexcited [Ru(bpy)₃]²⁺. Based on these results, we could successfully photosynthesize a model chiral compound (L ‐glutamate) using a model redox enzyme (glutamate dehydrogenase) upon in situ photoregeneration of cofactors.     

在FTO导电玻璃上电化学沉积高效可见光光电化学分解水Cu2O/g-C3N4异质结膜

近几十年来,光电化学分解水制氢作为一种洁净的、能持续利用太阳能的技术受到极大关注.在众多光催化材料中,p型半导体氧化亚铜(Cu2O)被认为是最有前途的可见光光电分解水材料之一.理论上,它的光能转换为氢能的效率可达到18.7%.然而,目前所报道的Cu2O光转换效率远远低于此值;同时,纯Cu2O在光照条件下的稳定性较差.研究表明,Cu2O与其它半导体复合可以增强其光电转换效率和提高稳定性.如Cu2O和能带匹配的石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4)复合后,光催化性能和稳定性都有较大提高.但目前所报道的Cu2O/g-C3N4复合物几乎都是粉末状催化剂,不便于回收和重复使用.本文首先采用电化学方法在FTO导电玻璃上沉积Cu2O薄膜,采用溶胶凝胶法制备g-C3N4纳米颗粒材料,然后采用电化学法在Cu2O薄膜表面沉积一层g-C3N4纳米颗粒,得到了Cu2O/g-C3N4异质结膜.分别利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外可见光谱(UV-Vis)和光电化学分解水实验分析了Cu2O/g-C3N4异质结的组成结构、表面形貌、光吸收性能及催化剂活性和稳定性.XRD和HRTEM表征显示,本文成功合成了Cu2O/g-C3N4异质结材料,SEM图表明g-C3N4纳米颗粒在Cu2O表面分布均匀,大小均一.可见光光电化学分解水结果显示,异质结薄膜的光电化学性能比纯的Cu2O和g-C3N4薄膜材料有极大提高.当在Cu2O表面沉积g-C3N4的时间为15 s时,得到样品Cu2O/g-C3N4-15异质结膜,其在–0.4 V和可见光照射条件下,光电流密度达到了–1.38 mA/cm2,分别是纯Cu2O和g-C3N4薄膜材料的19.7和6.3倍.产氢速率也达到了0.48 mL h–1 cm–2,且产氢和产氧的速率之比约为2,说明此异质结材料在可见光作用下能全分解水.经过三次循环实验,光电化学分解水的效率仅降低10.8%,表明该材料具有良好的稳定性.根据UV-Vis表征和光电化学性能对比,Cu2O/g-C3N4-15的光电性能最好,但其光吸收性能并不是最好,说明光电化学性能与光吸收不是成正比关系,主要是由于Cu2O和g-C3N4两个半导体相互起到了协同作用.机理分析表明,Cu2O/g-C3N4异质结薄膜在光照下,由于两者能带匹配,Cu2O的光生电子从其导带转移到g-C3N4的导带上,g-C3N4价带上的空隙转移到Cu2O的价带上,从而降低了光生电子和空隙的复合,提高了其光催化性能.由于g-C3N4的导带位置高于H2O(或H+)还原为H2的电势,Cu2O的价带位置低于H2O(或OH–)还原为O2的电势,所以在外加–0.4 V偏压和可见光照射条件下,Cu2O/g-C3N4能全分解水,光生载流子越多,光电化学分解水的速率越大.综上所述,在Cu2O薄膜上沉积g-C3N4后得到的异质结薄膜具有高效的光能转换为氢能性能.     

RuO2修饰纳米多孔Ni-Mo复合电极及其电催化析氢性能

采用脱合金化结合胶体聚沉的方法制备了纳米多孔Ni/RuO_2、Ni-Mo/RuO_2复合电极材料。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)对电极材料的物相、元素组态、形貌结构、孔径大小和结晶度进行表征,并通过线性扫描伏安、交流阻抗以及循环伏安等方法测试多孔电极的电催化析氢性能。分析结果显示:RuO_2由于聚沉作用包覆在Ni基合金的骨架表面。Mo的加入使Ni-Mo合金非晶化的同时,促使其骨架细化,形成双连续的纳米多孔结构。Mo与RuO_2的加入以及Mo含量的增加均提高了电催化析氢性能。纳米多孔Ni_(2.5)Mo_(2.5)/RuO_2复合电极在50 mA·cm~(-2)的电流密度下析氢过电位为182 mV。     

A Hydrogen-Deficient Nickel–Cobalt Double Hydroxide for Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting

Developing highly efficient and low-cost photocatalysts for overall water splitting has long been a pursuit for converting solar power into clean hydrogen energy. Herein, we demonstrate that a nonstoichiometric nickel–cobalt double hydroxide can achieve overall water splitting by itself upon solar light irradiation, avoiding the consumption of noble-metal co-catalysts. We employed an intensive laser to ablate a NiCo alloy target immersed in alkaline solution, and produced so-called L-NiCo nanosheets with a nonstoichiometric composition and O²⁻/Co³⁺ ions exposed on the surface. The nonstoichiometric composition broadens the band gap, while O²⁻ and Co³⁺ ions boost hydrogen and oxygen evolution, respectively. As such, the photocatalyst achieves a H₂ evolution rate of 1.7 μmol h⁻¹ under AM 1.5G sunlight irradiation and an apparent quantum yield (AQE) of 1.38 % at 380 nm.