A higher-order nonlocal elasticity and strain gradient theory and its applications in wave propagation

In recent years there have been many papers that considered the effects of material length scales in the study of mechanics of solids at micro- and/or nano-scales. There are a number of approaches and, among them, one set of papers deals with Eringen's differential nonlocal model and another deals with the strain gradient theories. The modified couple stress theory, which also accounts for a material length scale, is a form of a strain gradient theory. The large body of literature that has come into existence in the last several years has created significant confusion among researchers about the length scales that these various theories contain. The present paper has the objective of establishing the fact that the length scales present in nonlocal elasticity and strain gradient theory describe two entirely different physical characteristics of materials and structures at nanoscale. By using two principle kernel functions, the paper further presents a theory with application examples which relates the classical nonlocal elasticity and strain gradient theory and it results in a higher-order nonlocal strain gradient theory. In this theory, a higher-order nonlocal strain gradient elasticity system which considers higher-order stress gradients and strain gradient nonlocality is proposed. It is based on the nonlocal effects of the strain field and first gradient strain field. This theory intends to generalize the classical nonlocal elasticity theory by introducing a higher-order strain tensor with nonlocality into the stored energy function. The theory is distinctive because the classical nonlocal stress theory does not include nonlocality of higher-order stresses while the common strain gradient theory only considers local higher-order strain gradients without nonlocal effects in a global sense. By establishing the constitutive relation within the thermodynamic framework, the governing equations of equilibrium and all boundary conditions are derived via the variational approach. Two additional kinds of parameters, the higher-order nonlocal parameters and the nonlocal gradient length coefficients are introduced to account for the size-dependent characteristics of nonlocal gradient materials at nanoscale. To illustrate its application values, the theory is applied for wave propagation in a nonlocal strain gradient system and the new dispersion relations derived are presented through examples for wave propagating in Euler–Bernoulli and Timoshenko nanobeams. The numerical results based on the new nonlocal strain gradient theory reveal some new findings with respect to lattice dynamics and wave propagation experiment that could not be matched by both the classical nonlocal stress model and the contemporary strain gradient theory. Thus, this higher-order nonlocal strain gradient model provides an explanation to some observations in the classical and nonlocal stress theories as well as the strain gradient theory in these aspects.     

EXTREMAL SOLUTIONS OF TERMINAL VALUE PROBLEMS FOR NONLINEAR IMPULSIVE INTEGRO-DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS IN BANACH SPACES

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General decay of solutions in one-dimensional porous-elastic system with memory

In this work we consider a one-dimensional porous-elastic system with memory effects. It is well-known that porous-elastic system with a single dissipation mechanism lacks exponential decay. In contrary, we prove that the unique dissipation given by the memory term is strong enough to exponentially stabilize the system, depending on the kernel of the memory term and the wave speeds of the system. In fact, we prove a general decay result, for which exponential and polynomial decay results are special cases. Our result is new and improves previous results in the literature.     

基于卡尔曼滤波的期货价格期限结构模型

为准确对商品期货合约进行定价和预测,本文在短期-长期模型的基础上,提出以短期偏离、中期偏离和长期均衡为状态变量的三因素模型。本文根据状态变量的假设建立相关微分方程,并推导出模型的解,再运用卡尔曼滤波和极大似然法得到模型的参数和状态变量。最后,通过比较多种误差统计量证明,本文的短期-中期-长期模型的拟合与预测能力优于短期-长期模型。     

Remarks on nonlocal boundary value problems at resonance

We show that it is important to allow the nonlinear term to change sign when discussing existence of a positive solution for multipoint, or more general nonlocal, boundary value problems in the resonant case. When the nonlinear term has a fixed sign we obtain simple necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of positive solutions.     

A sufficient condition for the existence of a principal eigenvalue for nonlocal diffusion equations with applications

Considerable work has gone into studying the properties of nonlocal diffusion equations. The existence of a principal eigenvalue has been a significant portion of this work. While there are good results for the existence of a principal eigenvalue equations on a bounded domain, few results exist for unbounded domains. On bounded domains, the Krein–Rutman theorem on Banach spaces is a common tool for showing existence. This article shows that generalized Krein–Rutman can be used on unbounded domains and that the theory of positive operators can serve as a powerful tool in the analysis of nonlocal diffusion equations. In particular, a useful sufficient condition for the existence of a principal eigenvalue is given.     

12-Laplacian problems with exponential nonlinearity

By exploiting a suitable Trudinger–Moser inequality for fractional Sobolev spaces, we obtain existence and multiplicity of solutions for a class of one-dimensional nonlocal equations with fractional diffusion and nonlinearity at exponential growth.     

新组合模型在光电功率预测中的应用

为提高光伏预测要求的精准性,文章提出一种新算法将神经网络和ARMA算法改进组合,构成NEW ARMA-BP模型算法.以某30兆瓦的光伏电站采集的输出功率为输入样本,基于ARMA和BP神经网络算法在Matlab环境下依次搭建了相应的预测模型,预估光伏短期输出量.采用"误差正态检验图"判断基于两种不同算法的误差水平,依据两种单模型预测误差,运用所提出的新方法计算权值并获得新的预测值.基于Matlab的仿真结论验证了组合预测在光伏输出预测领域的适用性.     

On a nonlocal Cahn-Hilliard/Navier-Stokes system with degenerate mobility and singular potential for incompressible fluids with different densities

We consider a diffuse interface model describing flow and phase separation of a binary isothermal mixture of (partially) immiscible viscous incompressible Newtonian fluids having different densities. The model is the nonlocal version of the one derived by Abels, Garcke and Grün and consists in a inhomogeneous Navier-Stokes type system coupled with a convective nonlocal Cahn-Hilliard equation. This model was already analyzed in a paper by the same author, for the case of singular potential and non-degenerate mobility. Here, we address the physically more relevant situation of degenerate mobility and we prove existence of global weak solutions satisfying an energy inequality. The proof relies on a regularization technique based on a careful approximation of the singular potential. Existence and regularity of the pressure field is also discussed. Moreover, in two dimensions and for slightly more regular solutions, we establish the validity of the energy identity. We point out that in none of the existing contributions dealing with the original (local) Abels, Garcke Grün model, an energy identity in two dimensions is derived (only existence of weak solutions has been proven so far).     

On the $L_\infty$ Convergence and the Extrapolation Method of a Difference Scheme for Nonlocal Parabolic Equation with Natural Boundary Conditions

In paper [4] (J. Comput. Appl. Math.,76 (1996), 137-146), a difference scheme for a class of nonlocal parabolic equations with natural boundary conditions was derived by the method of reduction of order and the unique solvability and second order convergence in $L_2$-norm are proved. In this paper, we prove that the scheme is second order convergent in $L_\infty$ norm and then obtain fourth order accuracy approximation in $L_\infty$ norm by extrapolation method. At last, one numerical example is presented.