考虑上部结构的桩筏基础非线性共同作用分析

当前虽然已有考虑桩筏非线性的设计,但仍无人在此基础上,考虑上部结构。因此考虑上部结构,进一步认识其与桩筏基础非线性共同作用机理,优化桩筏基础设计,具有重要的现实意义。本文以子结构法凝聚上部结构的荷载及刚度,以平面壳体单元模拟筏板,按有限层法模拟桩土之间的弹性相互作用,用广义剪切位移法模拟桩的非线性工作性状,建立了一种考虑上部结构共同作用的桩筏基础非线性分析方法,并编制了分析程序。通过实例分析,探讨了上部结构与桩筏基础非线性共同作用的机理,研究了合理布桩方式,探讨了以差异沉降为目标的优化设计的可能途径。     

On the effects of non-linear elements in the reliability-based optimal design of stochastic dynamical systems

The aim of the present paper is to study the effects of non-linear devices on the reliability-based optimal design of structural systems subject to stochastic excitation. One-dimensional hysteretic devices are used for modelling the non-linear system behavior while non-stationary filtered white noise processes are utilized to represent the stochastic excitation. The reliability-based optimization problem is formulated as the minimization of the expected cost of the structure for a specified failure probability. Failure is assumed to occur when any one of the output states of interest exceeds in magnitude some specified threshold level within a given time duration. Failure probabilities are approximated locally in terms of the design variables during the optimization process in a parallel computing environment. The approximations are based on a local interpolation scheme and on an efficient simulation technique. Specifically, a subset simulation scheme is adopted and integrated into the proposed optimization process. The local approximations are then used to define a series of explicit approximate optimization problems. A sensitivity analysis is performed at the final design in order to evaluate its robustness with respect to design and system parameters. Numerical examples are presented in order to illustrate the effects of hysteretic devices on the design of two structural systems subject to earthquake excitation. The obtained results indicate that the non-linear devices have a significant effect on the reliability and global performance of the structural systems.     

Capillary electrophoresis for rapid identification of monoclonal antibodies for routine application in hospital

mAbs are widely used in cancer therapy. Their compounding, performed just before their administration to patients, is executed in a production unit of the hospital. Identification of these drugs, individually prepared in bags for infusion before patient administration, is of paramount importance to detect potential mistakes during compounding stage. A fast and reliable analytical method based on CZE combined to a cationic capillary coating (hexadimethrine bromide) was developed for identification of the most widely used compounded therapeutic for cancer therapy (bevacizumab, cetuximab, rituximab, and trastuzumab). Considering the high structural and physico‐chemical similarities of these mAbs, an extensive optimization of the BGE composition has been performed. The addition of perchlorate ions and polysorbate in the BGE greatly increased the resolution. To validate the method, an internal standard was used and the relative migration times (RTm) were estimated. Very satisfactory RSDs of the RTm for rituximab (0.76%), cetuximab (0.46%), bevacizumab (0.31%), and trastuzumab (0.60%) were obtained. The intraday and interday RSD of the method were less than 0.32 and 1.3%, respectively for RTm. Significant differences between theses RTms have been demonstrated allowing mAbs identification. Finally, accurate mAbs identification has been demonstrated by a blind test.     

Optimal design of experiments applied to headspace solid phase microextraction for the quantification of vicinal diketones in beer through gas chromatography-mass spectrometric detection

Vicinal diketones, namely diacetyl (DC) and pentanedione (PN), are compounds naturally found in beer that play a key role in the definition of its aroma. In lager beer, they are responsible for off-flavors (buttery flavor) and therefore their presence and quantification is of paramount importance to beer producers. Aiming at developing an accurate quantitative monitoring scheme to follow these off-flavor compounds during beer production and in the final product, the head space solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) analytical procedure was tuned through experiments planned in an optimal way and the final settings were fully validated. Optimal design of experiments (O-DOE) is a computational, statistically-oriented approach for designing experiences that are most informative according to a well-defined criterion. This methodology was applied for HS-SPME optimization, leading to the following optimal extraction conditions for the quantification of VDK: use a CAR/PDMS fiber, 5 ml of samples in 20 ml vial, 5 min of pre-incubation time followed by 25 min of extraction at 30 °C, with agitation. The validation of the final analytical methodology was performed using a matrix-matched calibration, in order to minimize matrix effects. The following key features were obtained: linearity (R² > 0.999, both for diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione), high sensitivity (LOD of 0.92 μg L⁻¹ and 2.80 μg L⁻¹, and LOQ of 3.30 μg L⁻¹ and 10.01 μg L⁻¹, for diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione, respectively), recoveries of approximately 100% and suitable precision (repeatability and reproducibility lower than 3% and 7.5%, respectively). The applicability of the methodology was fully confirmed through an independent analysis of several beer samples, with analyte concentrations ranging from 4 to 200 g L⁻¹.     

地方工科院校《功能高分子材料》课程教学内容的精选与实践

随着材料学的蓬勃发展,功能高分子材料的种类及用途日益繁多,因而《功能高分子材料》课程教学内容涵盖也不断延伸。针对地方工科院校高分子材料与工程专业人才培养的机制和目标,作者探索实践了如何以学生为本、以社会和行业的人才需求为导向,紧密联系地方经济与行业格局,因时因势对课程教学内容进行优化和完善。在此基础上,通过科学合理的教学实践,使学生既能牢固掌握功能高分子材料的基础知识,又能了解本领域最前沿的科学发展动态,拓宽学习思路,提高学习积极性,增强对专业的认可与对行业的期待。     

Evolutionary Boussinesq model with nonmonotone friction and heat flux boundary conditions

In this paper we prove the existence and regularity of a solution to a two-dimensional system of evolutionary hemivariational inequalities which describes the Boussinesq model with nonmonotone friction and heat flux. We use the time retardation and regularization technique, combined with a regularized Galerkin method, and recent results from the theory of hemivariational inequalities.     

Rational strategy for characterization of nanoscale particles by asymmetric-flow field flow fractionation: A tutorial

This tutorial proposes a comprehensive and rational measurement strategy that provides specific guidance for the application of asymmetric-flow field flow fractionation (A4F) to the size-dependent separation and characterization of nanoscale particles (NPs) dispersed in aqueous media. A range of fractionation conditions are considered, and challenging applications, including industrially relevant materials (e.g., metal NPs, asymmetric NPs), are utilized in order to validate and illustrate this approach. We demonstrate that optimization is material dependent and that polystyrene NPs, widely used as a reference standard for retention calibration in A4F, in fact represent a class of materials with unique selectivity, recovery and optimal conditions for fractionation; thus use of these standards to calibrate retention for other materials must be validated a posteriori. We discuss the use and relevance of different detection modalities that can potentially yield multi-dimensional and complementary information on NP systems. We illustrate the fractionation of atomically precise nanoclusters, which are the lower limit of the nanoscale regime. Conversely, we address the upper size limit for normal mode elution in A4F. The protocol for A4F fractionation, including the methods described in the present work is proposed as a standardized strategy to realize interlaboratory comparability and to facilitate the selection and validation of material-specific measurement parameters and conditions. It is intended for both novice and advanced users of this measurement technology.     

Advancement in optimization tactic achieved by newly developed chromatographic response function: application to LC separation of raloxifene and its impurities

In this paper a new chromatographic response function (CRF) is designed and proposed for utilization in the optimization strategies. The function capability to represent the overall quality of a experimentally obtained chromatograms was compared to the other two objective functions and proved to give more accurate and reliable results. The new CRF has improved concept of separation and time term estimation. It reflects all important defects of the chromatogram such as the appearance of asymmetrical or overlapping peaks and prolonged elution time and allows the appropriate weighting of each of them. The LC separation of raloxifene and its four impurities was evaluated through the central composite design experimental plan choosing the new CRF to be the only output of the system. The function demonstrated the ability to judge the impact of the complex interactions of the selected chromatographic parameters (acetonitrile content in the mobile phase, sodium dodecyl sulfate concentration in the water phase, pH of the mobile phase and column temperature) on the mixture behavior and led to the determination of the optimal separation conditions. The newly developed CRF proved to have the advanced performances and it presents the important step forward in the optimization of the chromatographic separation.     

Interactions between minimum run time, modifier concentration, and efficiency parameters in a high performance liquid chromatography separation

We modeled and studied the separation of uracil, nicotinamide, resorcinol, theobromine, theophylline, and caffeine on four C-18 columns of different lengths packed with the same stationary phase using water/methanol mobile phase at one temperature. Predictions of retention times and peak widths were compared with experimental results and were found to be sufficiently accurate for performing optimization calculations. With limits set on the required resolution and on maximum values for pressure and flow rate, calculations were performed for numerous virtual column lengths seeking the smallest possible analysis time for each length while allowing methanol concentration and flow rate to vary as required to minimize run time. Predictions were experimentally verified for the column lengths actually available. These calculations revealed the dependence of best-possible analysis time on column length, modifier concentration, flow rate, and pressure for the real system that was modeled, and provided insight into parameter interactions with respect to analysis times meeting the needs and limits specified. We show that when these parameters are considered in concert, rather than individually, conventional guidelines regarding setting their values may not always lead to the optimum.