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101.
We analyze a supply chain with a Resale Price Maintenance (RPM) contract in which the manufacturer sets the retail price with a general multiplicative price–demand function and prove the existence/uniqueness of an equilibrium. We also compare the equilibrium prices and quantities, consumer surplus and total system welfare for the RPM and wholesale price contracts. We conclude that a manufacturer may capture a smaller share of the total supply chain profit despite her ability to set the retail price. 相似文献
102.
Prasenjit Mandal Rupali Kaul Tarun Jain 《European Journal of Operational Research》2018,264(1):181-199
In this paper, we study the newsvendor’s pricing and stocking decisions under reference point effects. The demand faced by the newsvendor is endogenous and the customers may also decide to procure the product from an outside option. We characterize the firm’s optimal pricing and stocking decisions. Our analysis reveals a threshold policy on the firm’s ordering and pricing decisions while considering the impact of reference point effects. We also find that as the level of optimism increases, the firm’s optimal ordering level decreases and optimal price increases. We further study the impact of loss aversion on the firm’s ordering and pricing decisions. 相似文献
103.
本文运用Levy提出的变换研究需求可变性降低对风险偏好零售商的库存决策、销售努力决策和期望效用的影响,用均值CVaR刻画零售商的风险偏好特性,它包括风险厌恶、风险追求,也具有损失规避的特性。首先,运用该变换定量刻画需求可变性的降低,证明该变换蕴含经典随机占优中的割准则序和二阶随机占优等。其次,给出系统的最优订货量、最优期望效用和最优销售努力水平,得到它们关于风险偏好系数的单调性,并给出降低需求可变性对期望效用的影响。第三,针对风险中性、风险厌恶(最大化CVaR)和风险追求(最小化CVaR)这三种特殊情况得到相应的结果,并给出企业在库存决策和促销决策的管理启示。最后,通过数值例子验证了得到的研究结果并给出相应的管理启示。 相似文献
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107.
We study a class of capacity acquisition and assignment problems with stochastic customer demands often found in operations planning contexts. In this setting, a supplier utilizes a set of distinct facilities to satisfy the demands of different customers or markets. Our model simultaneously assigns customers to each facility and determines the best capacity level to operate or install at each facility. We propose a branch-and-price solution approach for this new class of stochastic assignment and capacity planning problems. For problem instances in which capacity levels must fall between some pre-specified limits, we offer a tailored solution approach that reduces solution time by nearly 80% over an alternative approach using a combination of commercial nonlinear optimization solvers. We have also developed a heuristic solution approach that consistently provides optimal or near-optimal solutions, where solutions within 0.01% of optimality are found on average without requiring a nonlinear optimization solver. 相似文献
108.
探讨了需求对时间和价格敏感产品的最优动态定价和订购策略,建立了使零售商利润最大化的库存模型.然后对模型的性质进行了分析,给出了一个寻找最优价格调整次数的算法和数值例子,得到一些有意义的管理经验. 相似文献
109.
在需求和提前期均是随机的库存系统中,提前期需求的分布是由提前期分布与需求分布复合而成的,这个复合分布的计算通常是困难的。本文采用基于Gibbs抽样的马尔科夫链蒙特卡洛(MCMC,Markov chain Monte Carlo)方法,抽取条件分布样本作为提前期需求分布的样本,通过样本来计算提前期需求分布密度、服务水平和损失函数。这种方法避免了直接求解复杂积分计算上的困难,也克服了近似分布拟合偏差过大的问题,有效地解决了随机需求与随机提前期的复杂库存系统中提前期需求确定问题。理论与数值分析结果表明:与现有方法相比较,基于MCMC的方法具有计算简便、拟合精度高、通用性好等特点。 相似文献
110.
The propagation of sound through a spatially homogeneous but non-stationary medium is investigated within the framework of fluid dynamics. For a non-vortical fluid, especially, a generalized wave equation is derived for the (scalar) potential of the fluid velocity distribution in dependence of the equilibrium mass density of the fluid and the sound wave velocity. A solution of this equation for a finite transition period τ is determined in terms of the hypergeometric function for a phenomenologically realistic, sigmoidal change of the mass density and sound wave velocity. Using this solution, it is shown that the energy flux of the sound wave is not conserved but increases always for the propagation through a non-stationary medium, independent of whether the equilibrium mass density is increased or decreased. It is found, moreover, that this amplification of the transmitted wave arises from an energy exchange with the medium and that its flux is equal to the (total) flux of the incident and the reflected wave. An interpretation of the reflected wave as a propagation of sound backward in time is given in close analogy to Feynman and Stueckelberg for the propagation of anti-particles. The reflection and transmission coefficients of sound propagating through a non-stationary medium is analyzed in more detail for hypersonic waves with transition periods τ between 15 and 200 ps as well as the transformation of infrasound waves in non-stationary oceans. 相似文献