空气电晕辐照对聚酯薄膜表面组成及形貌的影响

分析了聚酯薄膜经空气电晕等离子体辐照处理后,其表面组成和形貌的变化。 结果表明,聚酯薄膜表面的活性基团在亲水环境中更倾向于迁移至表面,而不是向次表面或者基材本体内迁移。 薄膜表面C=O和O-H的引入量随电晕辐照强度的增加而增大,XPS结果表明,C-O、C=O和O-C=O的总含量增大,O1s谱图中新峰的结合能为532.49 eV,对应于聚酯薄膜表面过氧化物的-O-O-键。 原子力显微镜研究表明,聚酯薄膜经电晕辐照后,表面形成离散的球状颗粒,表面粗糙度变化范围在10 nm左右。     

盘-销摩擦系统摩擦接触力测试与特性分析

测量分析动态摩擦接触力是研究摩擦振动与噪声发生机理的关键.本文中建立了盘-销系统摩擦尖叫试验台架,成功再现了摩擦尖叫.采用三向力传感器对有无摩擦尖叫条件下的动态摩擦接触力进行了测量,并利用小波信号分解、概率密度函数、功率谱密度函数、时频分析等方法进行了分析和讨论.研究发现:在发生摩擦尖叫时,动态摩擦力和法向力发生高频波动,是系统噪声的激励源;无摩擦尖叫时的摩擦力和法向力的动态分量为典型的白噪声随机过程,呈非高斯分布;有摩擦尖叫时的摩擦力和法向力为窄带高频类谐波信号,摩擦力呈非高斯分布,而法向力近似为高斯分布;模态耦合是导致盘-销系统发生动态接触力高频波动以及摩擦尖叫的原因.     

Molecular dynamics studies on spreading of nanofluids promoted by nanoparticle adsorption on solid surface

Spreading of nanofluids on solid substrate was studied via molecular dynamics simulations. Simulation models for two immiscible fluids (oil and water based nanofluids) confined in a slit between two planar solid walls were set up. The influence of the volume concentration of the nanoparticles on the three-phase contact line motion was investigated. We found that the larger volume concentration results in more visible nanoparticle adsorption on solid surface. This effect further induces an advancing displacement of the contact line compared with the meniscus profiles in low concentration case and that with the absence of nanoparticles. These findings are consistent with the previous experimental and theoretical results and provide the atomic-scale understanding on nanofluid spreading.     

Stabilized interface methods for mechanical joints: Physics-based models and variationally consistent embedding

This paper presents the application of a new method for interfacial modeling utilizing a merger of continuous Galerkin and discontinuous Galerkin concepts to simulate the behavior of mechanical joints. The interfacial flux terms arising naturally from the discontinuous Galerkin treatment provide a mechanism to embed friction models in a variationally consistent fashion. Due to the unbiased implementation of the interface, facilitated by avoiding the master–slave concept, the deformation of the two interacting surfaces conforms to the local material and geometric attributes of the surfaces. This results in a better preservation of physics in interface mechanics. Additionally, the method is incorporated into a Variational Multiscale framework that comes equipped with a built-in error estimation module, providing numerical estimation of convergence and distinguishing discretization errors from modeling errors. A series of quasi-static numerical simulations of a lap joint under fretting conditions are conducted to compare the performance of two friction models: (i) classical Coulomb friction model and (ii) physics-based multiscale model. Hysteresis study of a three-dimensional double-bolted lap joint for the two friction models is also presented and the computed results are shown to be consistent between conforming and nonconforming meshes.     

Frictional moving contact over the surface between a rigid punch and piezomagnetic materials – Terfenol-D as example

A general theory of the frictional moving contact of piezomagnetic materials indented by a flat or cylindrical punch is set up. The rigid punch moves at a constant speed and the Coulomb friction law applies inside the contact region. Terfenol-D with high magnetostriction and coupling is chosen. Employing the Galilean transformation and Fourier transform, Cauchy integral equations of the second kind are obtained and solved exactly. Closed-form expressions of physical quantities on the surface in terms of elementary functions are given. Numerical analyses are conducted to reveal the effects of the friction coefficient and moving speed of the punch on various surface stresses and magnetic induction. The singularity, discontinuity and spike of the surface magnetic induction may be important factors to explain why surface damage occurs for piezomagnetic materials.     

大直径SHPB实验中的高温加载技术及其应用

为研究材料的高温动态力学行为,提出一套由自主设计的温控系统和100 mm SHPB装置组成的高温SHPB实验系统,采用ANSYS软件对界面热传导及其对实验结果的影响进行了计算分析,论证了该实验技术的可靠性,并对混凝土的高温动态力学性能进行了研究。结果表明:在大直径合金钢材质SHPB装置上对混凝土等热惰性材料进行高温冲击实验,冷接触时间临界值为1.00 s,本文中提出的高温加载技术可将冷接触时间控制在0.50 s以内,实验技术可靠;同一加载速率下,随着温度从常温升到1 000 ℃,高温混凝土的动态应力应变曲线呈现出塑性变化趋势,动态抗压强度先提高后降低,动态峰值应变则不断增大。     

Experimental study of evaporation of sessile water droplet on PDMS surfaces

Evaporation of sessile water droplet on polydimethylsiloxane （PDMS） surfaces with three different curing ratios （5：1, 10：1, and 20：1） was experimentally investigated in this paper. We show that the constant contact radius （CCR） evaporation on surface with high curing ratio lasts longer than that with low curing ratio. We also measured Young＇s moduli of PDMS films by using atomic force microscopy （AFM） and simulated surface deformation of PDMS films induced by sessile water droplet. With increasing curing ratio of PDMS film, Young＇s modulus of PDMS film is getting lower, and then there will be larger surface deformation and more elastic stored energy. Since such energy acts as a barrier to keep the three-phase contact line pinned, thus it will result in longer CCR evaporation on PDMS surface with higher curing ratio.     

微动诱发的触点电接触间歇失效现象研究

金属触点是电气电子工程领域中导通电流、传递信号的关键,机械振动应力环境产生的微动将使系统的电接触性能逐步退化,并诱发触点间发生间歇失效现象.借助电动振动台设计了触点微动磨损测试分析系统,以铜镀金触点为研究对象,获得了接触电阻全寿命周期内的退化过程.结合接触电阻与SEM/EDX分析结果确定了微动频率、微动幅值对触点磨损发生间歇失效的条件及电接触间歇失效机理.     

考虑摩擦因素的结合面切向接触刚度分形预估模型及其仿真分析

为建立更完善和精确的结合面接触刚度模型,本文根据分形理论和摩擦学原理,从微观角度建立了考虑摩擦因素的结合面切向接触刚度分形预估模型.通过数值仿真分析研究了接触载荷、分形维数、摩擦系数和接触面积等因素对结合面切向接触刚度的影响.分析结果表明:结合面切向接触刚度随法向载荷和分形维数的增加而增大,而随分形尺度参数的增大而减小;摩擦系数对结合面切向接触刚度的影响较大,不同实际接触面积下的切向刚度相差较大;当分形维数较小时,摩擦系数对结合面切向刚度的影响将降低.这些研究对于进一步开展结合面的动力学特性研究具有重要意义.     

Adhesive contact on power-law graded elastic solids: The JKR–DMT transition using a double-Hertz model

A cohesive zone model of axisymmetric adhesive contact between a rigid sphere and a power-law graded elastic half-space is established by extending the double-Hertz model of Greenwood and Johnson (1998). Closed-form solutions are obtained analytically for the surface stress, deformation fields and equilibrium relations among applied load, indentation depth, inner and outer radii of the cohesive zone, which include the corresponding solutions for homogeneous isotropic materials and the Gibson solid as special cases. These solutions provide a continuous transition between JKR and DMT type contact models through a generalized Tabor parameter μ$\mu$. Our analysis reveals that the magnitude of the pull-off force ranges from (3+k)πRΔγ/2$(3+k)\pi R\mathrm{\Delta }\gamma /2$ to 2πRΔγ$2\pi R\mathrm{\Delta }\gamma$, where k$k$, R$R$ and Δγ$\mathrm{\Delta }\gamma$ denote the gradient exponent of the elastic modulus for the half-space, the radius of the sphere and the work of adhesion, respectively. Interestingly, the pull-off force for the Gibson solid is found to be identically equal to 2πRΔγ,$2\pi R\mathrm{\Delta }\gamma ,$ independent of the corresponding Tabor parameter. The obtained analytical solutions are validated with finite element simulations.