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991.
Narakorn Srinil 《International Journal of Non》2007,42(1):180-195
This study aims at comparing non-linear modal interactions in shallow horizontal cables with kinematically non-condensed vs. condensed modeling, under simultaneous primary external and internal resonances. Planar 1:1 or 2:1 internal resonance is considered. The governing partial-differential equations of motion of non-condensed model account for spatio-temporal modification of dynamic tension, and explicitly capture non-linear coupling of longitudinal/vertical displacements. On the contrary, in the condensed model, a single integro-differential equation is obtained by eliminating the longitudinal inertia according to a quasi-static cable stretching assumption, which entails spatially uniform dynamic tension. This model is largely considered in the literature. Based on a multi-modal discretization and a second-order multiple scales solution accounting for higher-order quadratic effects of a infinite number of modes, coupled/uncoupled dynamic responses and the associated stability are evaluated by means of frequency- and force-response diagrams. Direct numerical integrations confirm the occurrence of amplitude-steady or -modulated responses. Non-linear dynamic configurations and tensions are also examined. Depending on internal resonance condition, system elasto-geometric and control parameters, the condensed model may lead to significant quantitative and/or qualitative discrepancies, against the non-condensed model, in the evaluation of resonant dynamic responses, bifurcations and maximal/minimal stresses. Results of even shallow cables reveal meaningful drawbacks of the kinematic condensation and allow us to detect cases where the more accurate non-condensed model has to be used. 相似文献
992.
Tsuneyuki Sato Masahiko Hashimoto Makiko Seno Tomohiro Hirano 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2003,41(12):1819-1830
The polymerizations of α‐ethyl β‐N‐(α′‐methylbenzyl)itaconamates carrying (RS)‐ and (S)‐α‐methylbenzylaminocarbonyl groups (RS‐EMBI and S‐EMBI) with dimethyl 2,2′‐azobisisobutyrate (MAIB) were studied in methanol (MeOH) and in benzene kinetically and with electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. The initial polymerization rate (Rp) at 60 °C was given by Rp = k[MAIB]0.58 ± 0.05[RS‐EMBI]2.4 ± 0.l and Rp = k[MAIB]0.61 ± 0.05[S‐EMBI]2.3 ± 0.l in MeOH and Rp = k[MAIB]0.54 ± 0.05[RS‐EMBI]1.7 ± 0.l in benzene. The rate constants of initiation (kdf), propagation (kp), and termination (kt) as elementary reactions were estimated by ESR, where kd is the rate constant of MAIB decomposition and f is the initiator efficiency. The kp values of RS‐EMBI (0.50–1.27 L/mol s) and S‐EMBI (0.42–1.32 L/mol s) in MeOH increased with increasing monomer concentrations, whereas the kt values (0.20?7.78 × 105 L/mol s for RS‐EMBI and 0.18?6.27 × 105 L/mol s for S‐EMBI) decreased with increasing monomer concentrations. Such relations of Rp with kp and kt were responsible for the unusually high dependence of Rp on the monomer concentration. The activation energies of the elementary reactions were also determined from the values of kdf, kp, and kt at different temperatures. Rp and kp of RS‐EMBI and S‐EMBI in benzene were considerably higher than those in MeOH. Rp of RS‐EMBI was somewhat higher than that of S‐EMBI in both MeOH and benzene. Such effects of the kinds of solvents and monomers on Rp were explicable in terms of the different monomer associations, as analyzed by 1H NMR. The copolymerization of RS‐EMBI with styrene was examined at 60 °C in benzene. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 1819–1830, 2003 相似文献
993.
The effect of transverse geometries of the slab of composite high-Tc superconductors on their stable and unstable thermal and electrodynamics transient states in the incomplete and complete penetration modes during the current charging are discussed. The transient period when the electric field that is induced by the charged current becomes more homogeneous during the initial stage of the complete penetration mode in the sub-critical voltage range is studied. In the over-critical voltage range, the cross-section shape of the slab affects its stable and unstable temperature variation. As a result, the current instability condition is not identical for high-Tc superconducting composite tapes that have the same cross-sectional area with various shapes of the cross-section. The condition depends on their thickness: the less thickness, the more stable the current distribution in the composite superconductors with the same cross-sectional area. This feature is a result of the unavoidable reduction of the current-carrying capacity of a high-Tc superconducting composite by the temperature increase. This reduction is caused by the relevant temperature dependence of electrodynamics states of the composite. This temperature dependence happens even during a stable stage of the current charging. These mechanisms must be considered during experiments at which the critical or quenching currents are defined. 相似文献
994.
The effects of Co-60 gamma-rays and about 25-MeV pulsed electrons have been investigated on CR-39 plastic nuclear track detector. The bulk etch rate was measured as a function of the absorbed dose under three different irradiation conditions; gamma-ray exposure in air at the dose rate of 6 kGy/h, that in vacuum and electron shower in air at 126 kGy/h on average. It was found that the bulk etch rate (V) increased nearly exponentially with the dose (D); V=V0exp(kD), and the characteristic parameter (k) was 35, 9 and 12 MGy−1, respectively. It is considered that a lack of oxygen in damage formation processes could occur momentarily during a short electron pulse, just similarly to the vacuum effect of reduction in track etch rates in outgassed CR-39 plastic. 相似文献
995.
L. Pavesi Z. Gaburro L. Dal Negro P. Bettotti G. Vijaya Prakash M. Cazzanelli C. J. Oton 《Optics and Lasers in Engineering》2003,39(3):345-368
Photonics applications of silicon are presented. In particular it is demonstrated that silicon when rendered low dimensional, e.g. in form of nanocrystals or quantum wires, can be turned into an active photonic materials which shows light amplification characteristics, non-linear optical effects, photon confinement in both one and two dimensions, photon trapping with evidences of light localization, and gas sensing properties. 相似文献
996.
用低压金属有机化学气相沉积(LP-MOCVD)的方法在GaAs(100)衬底上生长了(ZnCdTe,ZnSeTe)/ZnTe复合量子阱结构。测量了生长样品的光致发光(PL)谱,得到两个发光峰(记为Il,I2),分析认为高能侧的峰为Zn0.9Cd0.1Te浅阱峰,而低能侧的峰为ZnSe0.2Te0.8深阱层的发射。对样品进行了变激发强度的PL谱测量,当激发强度增加时,PL谱中两个发光峰的比值(I2/I1)开始时迅速增加,然后缓慢减小。这是由于浅阱中的电子和空穴隧穿入深阱中导致空间电荷的分离,从而在复合量子阱结构中产生了一个内建电场所引起的。 相似文献
997.
Alexander Yudashkin 《Communications in Nonlinear Science & Numerical Simulation》2008,13(8):1508-1517
This paper proposes the novel approach to the mathematical synthesis of continuous self-organising systems capable to memorise and restore own multiple shapes defined by means of functions of single spatial variable or parametric models in two-dimensional space. The model is based on the certain universal form of the integral operator with the kernel representing the system memory. The technique for memorising shapes uses the composition of singular kernels of integral operators. The whole system is described by the potential function, whose minimisation leads to the non-linear dynamics of shape reconstruction by integro-differential non-linear equations with partial derivatives. The corresponding models are proposed and analysed for both parametric and non-parametric shape definitions. Main features of the proposed model are considered, and the results of numerical simulation are shown in case of three shapes memorising and retrieval. The proposed model can be used in theory of smart materials, artificial intelligence and some other branches of non-linear sciences where the effect of multiple shapes memorising and retrieval appears as the core feature. 相似文献
998.
Shibor作为基准利率的实证研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
运用我国金融市场的实际数据,从金融市场基准利率的基本属性的角度出发对Shibor和银行间债券回购利率进行了系统地比较分析,认为Shibor虽然运行时间不长,但却具备了基准利率的主要特征.Shibor作为基准利率更具有科学性. 相似文献
999.
Christopher G. Jesudason 《Journal of mathematical chemistry》2008,43(3):976-1023
The rates of formation and concentration distributions of a dimer reaction showing hysteresis behavior are examined in an ab initio chemical reaction designed as elementary and where the hysteresis structure precludes the formation of transition states (TS) with pre-equilibrium and internal sub-reactions. It was discovered that the the reactivity coefficients, defined as a measure of departure from the zero density rate constant for the forward and backward steps had a ratio that was equal to the activity coefficient ratio for the product and reactant species. This surprising result, never formally incorporated in elementary rate expressions over approximately one and a half centuries of quantitative chemical kinetics measurement and calculation is accepted axiomatically and leads to an outline of a theory for the form of the rate constant, in any one given substrate—here the vacuum state. A major deduction is that the long-standing definition of the rate constant for elementary reactions is not complete and is nonlinear, where previous works almost always implicitly refer to the zero density limit for strictly irreducible elementary reactions without any attending concatenation of side-reactions. This is shown directly from MD simulation, where for specially designed elementary reactions without any transition states, density dependence of reactants and products always feature, in contrast to current practice of writing rate equations. It is argued that the rate constant expression without reactant and product dependence is due to historical conventions used for strictly elementary reactions. From the above observations, a theory is developed with the aid of some proven elementary theorems in thermodynamics, and expressions under different state conditions are derived whereby a feasible experimental and computational method for determining the activity coefficients from the rate constants may be obtained under various approximations and conditions. Elementary relations for subspecies equilibria and its relation to the bulk activity coefficient are discussed. From one choice of reaction conditions, estimates of activity coefficients are given which are in at least semi-quantitative agreement with the data for non-reacting Lennard-Jones (LJ) particles for the atomic component. The theory developed is applied to ionic reactions where the standard Brönsted-Bjerrum rate equation and exceptions to this are rationalized. 相似文献
1000.
本文建立了劳动市场价格的一种平均值模型- 劳动宏观市场价格,提出了劳动市场能量概念,得到了劳动市场熵(或负熵)的函数,对价值就业率和充分就业率进行了因素分析,并讨论了充分就业率与实际就业率的关系 相似文献